Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Disease Burden and Disease Awareness

Golabi, Pegah; Isakov, Vasily; Younossi, Zobair M.

doi:10.1016/j.cld.2023.01.001

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…According to a dynamic Markov model, compared to 2015, by 2030, NAFLD population will increase by 21%, NASH population will increase by 63%, advanced fibrosis will increase by 160%, compensated cirrhosis will increase by 163%, decompensated cirrhosis will increase by 180%, HCC cases will increase by 146% and liver transplant cases will increase by 59% in the United States. 52,63 In addition to its clinical burden, NAFLD also has substantial economic impact on affected populations and healthcare systems. This economic loss is not only limited to direct and indirect medical bills but also related to loss of productivity.…”

Section: Clinical and Economical Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to better understand the future burden of NAFLD and NASH, research has shifted towards creating models to predict the impact of this NAFLD wave. According to a dynamic Markov model, compared to 2015, by 2030, NAFLD population will increase by 21%, NASH population will increase by 63%, advanced fibrosis will increase by 160%, compensated cirrhosis will increase by 163%, decompensated cirrhosis will increase by 180%, HCC cases will increase by 146% and liver transplant cases will increase by 59% in the United States 52,63 …”

Section: Epidemiology Of Nafld and Nashmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global perspective on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ‐ prevalence, clinical impact, economic implications and management strategies

Golabi,

Owrangi,

Younossi

2024

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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SummaryBackgroundThe metabolically‐based liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the most common cause of chronic liver disease currently affecting 38% of the world's adult population. NAFLD can be progressive leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver transplantation, liver cancer, liver‐related mortality and is associated with decreased quality of life from impaired physical functioning and increased healthcare resource utilisation. However, screening for NAFLD is cost‐prohibitive but screening for high risk NAFLD (NAFLD with F2 fibrosis or greater) is imperative.AimTo review the global perspective on NAFLD and NASHMethodsWe retrieved articles from PubMed using search terms NAFLD, prevalence, clinical burden, economic burden and management strategies.ResultsNAFLD/NASH shows geographical variation across the globe. Highest prevalence rates are in South America and the Middle East and North Africa; lowest prevalence is in Africa. NAFLD's economic impact is from direct and indirect medical costs and loss in worker productivity. It is projected that, over the next two decades, the total cost of NAFLD and diabetes will exceed $1.5 trillion (USD). Risk stratification algorithms identifying “high risk NAFLD” were made following non‐invasive tests for NAFLD identification and fibrosis development. These algorithms should be used in primary care and endocrinology settings so timely and appropriate interventions (lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factor management) can be initiated.ConclusionsTo reduce the burgeoning burden of NAFLD/NASH, management should include risk stratification algorithms for accurate identification of patients, linkage to appropriate settings, and initiation of effective treatment regimens.

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Section: Clinical and Economical Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiology Of Nafld and Nashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global perspective on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ‐ prevalence, clinical impact, economic implications and management strategies

Golabi,

Owrangi,

Younossi

2024

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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“…Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the novel acronym for a chronic liver disease (CLD) associated with at least one cardiovascular risk ( 1 ), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or NAFLD, which is widely acknowledged as the emerging leading cause of CLD worldwide ( 2 – 6 ). MASLD is estimated to affect approximately 1 billion of individuals and to have a global prevalence in the general population of approximately 25% ( 4 – 6 ), which is predicted to further increase by 2030 in USA, Europe, and Southeast Asia ( 7 ). MASLD is mostly diagnosed in obese and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and is currently viewed as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome ( 8 – 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the mechanisms underpinning MASLD progression are still largely unknown, and this reflects a lack of validated therapeutic strategies and of reliable biomarkers able to predict the individual risk of HCC development and clinical outcome. Such a situation is relevant since MASH-related HCC is usually diagnosed at a later stage and, unlike other etiologies, can develop also in non-cirrhotic patients, usually asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic for which no reliable HCC screening protocol is currently available ( 4 – 6 , 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This makes difficult to unveil major disease mechanisms, to reach an early diagnosis, and to choose the most efficient therapeutic approach. Moreover, to emphasize the relevance of tumor–stroma interactions, a critical role in HCC development and progression is played by fibrogenesis, angiogenesis, and inflammation ( 6 , 23 , 24 ) which are critical also for MASH-related HCC ( 25 – 28 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histidine-rich glycoprotein in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-related disease progression and liver carcinogenesis

Foglia,

Sutti,

Cannito

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. In 20%–30% of MASLD patients, the disease progresses to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH, previously NASH) which can lead to fibrosis/cirrhosis, liver failure as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we investigated the role of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), a plasma protein produced by hepatocytes, in MASLD/MASH progression and HCC development.MethodsThe role of HRG was investigated by morphological, cellular, and molecular biology approaches in (a) HRG knock-out mice (HRG−/− mice) fed on a CDAA dietary protocol or a MASH related diethyl-nitrosamine/CDAA protocol of hepatocarcinogenesis, (b) THP1 monocytic cells treated with purified HRG, and (c) well-characterized cohorts of MASLD patients with or without HCC.ResultsIn non-neoplastic settings, murine and clinical data indicate that HRG increases significantly in parallel with disease progression. In particular, in MASLD/MASH patients, higher levels of HRG plasma levels were detected in subjects with extensive fibrosis/cirrhosis. When submitted to the pro-carcinogenic protocol, HRG−/− mice showed a significant decrease in the volume and number of HCC nodules in relation to decreased infiltration of macrophages producing pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, and VEGF as well as impaired angiogenesis. The histopathological analysis (H-score) of MASH-related HCC indicate that the higher HRG positivity in peritumoral tissue significantly correlates with a lower overall patient survival and an increased recurrence. Moreover, a significant increase in HRG plasma levels was detected in cirrhotic (F4) patients and in patients carrying HCC vs. F0/F1 patients.ConclusionMurine and clinical data indicate that HRG plays a significant role in MASLD/MASH progression to HCC by supporting a specific population of tumor-associated macrophages with pro-inflammatory response and pro-angiogenetic capabilities which critically support cancer cell survival. Furthermore, our data suggest HRG as a possible prognostic predictor in HCC patients with MASLD/MASH-related HCCs.

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Towards precision medicine in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Francque

2023

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Disease Burden and Disease Awareness

Cited by 15 publications

References 70 publications

Global perspective on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ‐ prevalence, clinical impact, economic implications and management strategies

Global perspective on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ‐ prevalence, clinical impact, economic implications and management strategies

Histidine-rich glycoprotein in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-related disease progression and liver carcinogenesis

Towards precision medicine in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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