Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Global Burden

Abstract

The map and global disease burden of chronic liver diseases are markedly changing, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) becoming the most common cause of liver affection coinciding with the current epidemics of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Understanding the incidence and prevalence of NAFLD is critical because of its linkage to a significant economic burden of hospitalization and changing patterns in consequences such as liver transplantation. Moreover, the long-term average healthcare expenses of NAFLD patients have exceeded those of other liver diseases. To lessen the imminent burden of NAFLD, immediate actions to raise worldwide awareness and address metabolic risk factors are required. This review summarizes key data about the global disease burden of NAFLD, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, and current preventive approaches.

Role of Inflammatory Factors in Mediating the Effect of Lipids on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Two-Step, Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study

“…Chronic liver disease is most frequently brought on by a condition known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and majority of patients have nonprogressive nonalcoholic fatty liver [ 1 ]. About 30 and 5% of the population in the United States, respectively, are affected with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its subtype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [ 2 , 3 ]. It is linked to morbidity as well as mortality related to the liver, and it also raises the chance of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [ 4 ].…”

Recent Updates in the Prevention of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…T2DM also increases the risk of an accelerated course of NAFLD and is a predictor of advanced fibrosis and mortality. 1,12 Visceral obesity, associated with insulin resistance, is a crucial factor in NAFLD development. 13 Insulin resistance causes increased lipolysis in adipose tissue that causes decreased glucose absorption in skeletal muscle.…”

“…Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries, affecting a large percentage of the adult population. 1 NAFLD is defined as a spectrum of liver diseases that include cirrhosis, steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 2 In a consensus statement in 2020, an international panel of experts recommended a change in NAFLD to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease owing to the heterogeneous pathogenesis of the disease.…”

“…6 Frequently associated metabolic dysfunctions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, or dyslipidemia are seen in NAFLD patients. 1 Fatty liver disease is categorized into NAFLD or NASH based on histology. NAFLD is defined as the presence of more than 5% hepatic steatosis in the absence of hepatocyte injury.…”

hígado graso: un trastorno heterogéneo con alta prevalencia global

“…El hígado graso no alcohólico (NAFLD) es la enfermedad hepática más prevalente a nivel global y representa un verdadero problema de salud pública. El NAFLD incluye un espectro de condiciones, que va desde la esteatosis hepática, la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (NASH) y la fibrosis hepática, con el riesgo de progresar a cirrosis, carcinoma hepatocelular (HCC) y eventualmente la necesidad de trasplante de hígado (1) . Se estima que la prevalencia global de NAFLD en la población adulta es del 23%-25% y varía de acuerdo con las regiones; las áreas con la mayor prevalencia son el Medio Oriente (32%) y Suramérica (30%), y el área con menor prevalencia es África (13%).…”