Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity Treatment

Brunner, Katherine T.; Henneberg, Cameron J.; Wilechansky, Robert M.; Long, Michelle T.

doi:10.1007/s13679-019-00345-1

Cited by 90 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The dietary management in NAFLD should focus on caloric restriction, aiming to induce 0.5-1 kg/week of weight loss. In general, a low-calorie diet should have 50-60% of caloric intake from carbohydrates and 20-25% from lipids [81,82]. Saturated fats should account for < 10% of total fat intake [81,82].…”

Section: Diet and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes

Godoy-Matos

Júnior

Valério

2020

Diabetol Metab Syndr

409

287

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Background: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing rapidly. It is nowadays recognized as the most frequent liver disease, affecting a quarter of global population and regularly coexisting with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. In a more simplistic view, NAFLD could be defined as an increase in liver fat content, in the absence of secondary cause of steatosis. In fact, the clinical onset of the disease is a much more complex process, closely related to insulin resistance, limited expandability and dysfunctionality of adipose tissue. A fatty liver is a main driver for a new recognized liver-pancreatic α-cell axis and increased glucagon, contributing to diabetes pathophysiology. Main text: This review will focus on the clinical and pathophysiological connections between NAFLD, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We reviewed non-invasive methods and several scoring systems for estimative of steatosis and fibrosis, proposing a multistep process for NAFLD evaluation. We will also discuss treatment options with a more comprehensive view, focusing on the current available therapies for obesity and/or type 2 diabetes that impact each stage of NAFLD. Conclusion: The proper understanding of NAFLD spectrum-as a continuum from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes-may contribute to the early identification and for establishment of targeted treatment.

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Section: Diet and Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes

Godoy-Matos

Júnior

Valério

2020

Diabetol Metab Syndr

409

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, the natural farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist (obeticholic acid) and dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a-d (PPARa-d) agonist (elafibranor), as well as glucagon-like peptide-1 antagonists were still investigated in phase IIA or IIB clinical trials (Sarwar et al, 2018). Meanwhile, several antidiabetic medications such as pioglitazone (Brunner et al, 2019), metformin and thiazolidinediones have been applied for the pharmacologic management of NAFLD in clinical practice due to their ability to reverse insulin resistance. Although the advances in conventional medicine, herbal medicine are easily accessible and do not require artificial synthesis, thus herbal medicine seems highly attractive for the effective management of NAFLD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases-Efficacy, Action Mechanism, and Clinical Application

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease with high prevalence in the developed countries. NAFLD has been considered as one of the leading causes of cryptogenic cirrhosis and chronic liver disease. The individuals with obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension cardiovascular disease have a high risk to develop NAFLD. The related critical pathological events are associated with the development of NAFLD including insulin resistance, lipid metabolism dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. The development of NAFLD range from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hepatic steatosis is characterized by fat accumulation, which represents the early stage of NAFLD. Then, inflammation triggered by steatosis drives early NAFLD progression into NASH. Therefore, the amelioration of steatosis and inflammation is essential for NAFLD therapy. The herbal medicine have taken great effects on the improvement of steatosis and inflammation for treating NAFLD. It has been found out that these effects involved the multiple mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism and inflammation. In this review, we pay particular attention on herbal medicine treatment and make summary about the research of herbal medicine, including herb formula, herb extract and naturals compound on NAFLD. We make details about their protective effects, the mechanism of action involved in the amelioration steatosis and inflammation for NAFLD therapy as well as the clinical application.

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“…With the rising obesity crisis around the world, obesity-related diseases such as diabetes [1], non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [2], high blood pressure [3], and even a compound pathology like metabolic syndrome [4] are now more frequent. Metabolic syndrome is defined as having three of the following five characteristics: high blood pressure, high BMI, dyslipidemia, impaired insulin sensitivity, and a large waist circumference [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemerin contributes to in vivo adipogenesis in a location-specific manner

et al. 2020

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Since chemerin's identification as an adipokine, it has been associated with a number of human diseases including diabetes and obesity. However, the basic scientific foundation for these clinical determinations is still lacking. Fibroblastic mouse 3T3 cells are unable to develop lipid droplets if chemerin is not present. Thus, we hypothesized that an in vivo rat model chemerin knockout (KO; an advancement from the previously mentioned in vitro cultures) would have limited accumulation of lipid in adipocytes compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Female WT/KO rats (Sprague Dawley background) were fed a low-fat diet starting at 8 weeks of age with weekly body weight and food consumption monitoring. At 25 weeks of age, adipose tissue depots were dissected and flash frozen for PCR analysis or fixed with paraformaldehyde for histology. Over the 17 weeks of experimentation, WT and KO animals did not have differences in total body weight or food consumption but KO animals had a significantly reduced amount of visceral fat compared to WT animals (via microCT at 8 and 25 weeks). Histology of retroperitoneal and mesenteric depots demonstrated a significant leftward shift in adipocyte size in the mesenteric but not the retroperitoneal depot of the KO compared to WT animals. Similarly, in the mesenteric fat of the KO rat, gene expression of adiponectin, fatty acid synthase, perilipin, and leptin were significantly reduced compared to mesenteric fat of WT animals and retroperitoneal fat of both WT and KO animals. Adiponectin was highlighted by a protein-protein interaction network as being important for the physiological effects of chemerin removal. These data are the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate chemerin's adipokine potential in vivo and identify it as fat depot location-specific.

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Obesity Treatment

Cited by 90 publications

References 65 publications

NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes

NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes

Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases-Efficacy, Action Mechanism, and Clinical Application

Chemerin contributes to in vivo adipogenesis in a location-specific manner

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