“…There is a general consensus that current or recent cigarette smoking is an absolute contraindication for lung transplantation, as are drug abuse, alcohol abuse, and severe psychiatric illness, and that adequate adherence to the prescribed medical regimen is critical to achieving a favorable prognosis. ( 6 ) Therefore, psychological assessment is an important step in the preoperative evaluation of transplant candidates, because it can identify behavioral patterns and emotional states that could affect the course of disease before and after transplantation. ( 7 ) The assessment of the patient level of understanding is another important aspect of the evaluation process, as is the determination of patient attitudes towards their disease, the determination of patient attitudes towards their upcoming transplantation, and the identification of a committed caregiver.…”