Nonadditive effects of group membership can lead to additive group phenotypes for anti‐predator behaviour of guppies,<i>Poecilia reticulata</i>

Bleakley, Bronwyn H.; Parker, Darren J.; Brodie, Edmund D.

doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01342.x

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Importantly, if an individual’s social behaviour is determined by its behavioural type, then the extent of between-individual variation should not differ between groups of individuals that have and have not repeatedly interacted. In addition, individual behavioural types should act additively on the group’s phenotype as a whole (Bleakley, Parker, & Brodie, 2007; Krause & Ruxton, 2002): that is, the average behaviour expressed by a group should be explained by the behavioural types of its constituent members.…”

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confidence: 99%

Strong personalities, not social niches, drive individual differences in social behaviours in sticklebacks

2014

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Understanding the mechanisms responsible for consistent individual differences in behaviour is a recent challenge for behavioural ecology. Although theory is rapidly developing in this area, there are few empirical tests. There are at least two hypotheses to explain why individuals behave differently from one another in a dynamic social environment. The social niche specialization hypothesis proposes that repeated social interactions generate consistent individual differences in social behaviour. The behavioural type hypothesis proposes that an individual’s social behaviour reflects its behavioural type. We tested these two hypotheses by manipulating the opportunity for repeated social interactions in groups of three spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and by measuring the behavioural types of the same individuals in three contexts: when in a novel environment, when presented with an opportunity to associate with conspecifics and when confronted by an intruder. We found no evidence that repeated social interactions increased between-individual variation in social foraging behaviour. Instead, individuals’ social foraging behaviour was related to their behavioural type, specifically their shoaling behaviour. In addition, the behavioural types of the members of a group strongly influenced a group’s average foraging behaviour. Together, these results do not support the hypothesis that social dynamics within groups generates individual differences in behaviour. Instead, they suggest the reverse: individual differences in behaviour drive group-level dynamics.

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confidence: 99%

Strong personalities, not social niches, drive individual differences in social behaviours in sticklebacks

2014

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“…In the present context we consider the possibility that indirect genetic effects may influence the relative performances of interacting genotypes such that the level of G 9 E, and the ecological crossover of reaction norms in particular, differ from the level found where given genotypes are reared and tested singly. We entertain this possibility based on evidence that traits expressed during interactions may evolve differently from other traits and depend on the genotypes of the interacting individuals (Meffert 1995;Rice 1996;Hughes 1989;Casares et al 1993;Bleakley et al 2007). And when multiple genotypes interact in a natural population, the potential exists for evolutionary change to occur more rapidly than otherwise as a result of indirect genetic effects (Wolf 2000(Wolf , 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Indirect genetic effects and the lek paradox: inter-genotypic competition may strengthen genotype × environment interactions and conserve genetic variance

2008

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Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms that maintain genetic variation in natural populations is one of the fundamental goals of evolutionary biology. There is growing evidence that genotype-by-environment interaction (G x E) can maintain additive genetic variance (V (A)), but we lack information on the relative performance of genotypes under the competitive situations encountered in the field. Competing genotypes may influence each other, and this interaction is also subject to selection through indirect genetic effects (IGE). Here, we explore how genotypes perform when interacting and evaluate IGE in order to understand its influence on V (A) for sexually-selected traits in the lesser waxmoth, Achroia grisella. We found that inter-genotype differences and crossover interactions under joint rearing are equal to or greater than values when reared separately. A focal genotype exhibited different performances when jointly reared with various genotypes-suggesting that IGE may be responsible for the increased levels of crossover and differences in performance observed. We suggest that some genotypes are superior competitors for food acquisition in the larval stage, and that these differences influence the development and evolution of other genotypes through IGE. We reaffirm the role of G x E in maintaining V (A) and note the general importance of IGE in studies of evolutionary mechanisms.

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“…) by changing focal individuals' behavior during interactions, such as antipredatory behaviors (Bleakley et al. ), begging intensity (Hinde et al. ), boldness (Magnhagen & Staffin ; Sih & Watters ), dominance (Wilson et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… also see Bleakley et al. ; Magnhagen & Staffin ) or parent–offspring interactions (Stamps et al. ; Kedar et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Social Environment: Behavior of Unrelated Adults Affects Future Juvenile Behaviors

Liebgold

2014

Ethology

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Juveniles' behaviors are often influenced by the behaviors of conspecifics. Most experimental studies of the influence of conspecific behavior vary the social environment by the presence or absence of conspecifics or investigate the impact of the outcome of social encounters (winner/loser effects) but less frequently expose individuals to variation in behavioral phenotypes present in the social environment. Based on previous work showing that juveniles of the salamander Plethodon cinereus are likely to interact frequently with non‐parental adults, I hypothesized that territorial adults in the social environment alter the future behaviors of juveniles. I measured the intracohort social behaviors of juvenile salamanders collected from two geographic areas, Michigan (MI) and Virginia (VA), before and after housing with ostensibly territorial (VA) or non‐territorial (MI) adults. There were overall effects of adult territoriality and aggression on the behavior of juveniles. However, juveniles from populations in MI were especially susceptible to behavioral modification. Compared with behaviors prior to being housed with adults, MI juveniles increased investigatory and escape behaviors in juvenile–juvenile interactions after being housed with adults that displayed territorial behaviors and decreased investigatory and escape behaviors after being housed with non‐territorial adults. This study shows that not only is a specific behavior, territoriality of adult salamanders, a social environment that modifies future juvenile behaviors, but the effects of social environment may differ between populations.

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Nonadditive effects of group membership can lead to additive group phenotypes for anti‐predator behaviour of guppies,Poecilia reticulata

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Strong personalities, not social niches, drive individual differences in social behaviours in sticklebacks

Strong personalities, not social niches, drive individual differences in social behaviours in sticklebacks

Indirect genetic effects and the lek paradox: inter-genotypic competition may strengthen genotype × environment interactions and conserve genetic variance

The Influence of Social Environment: Behavior of Unrelated Adults Affects Future Juvenile Behaviors

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