Nonabsorbable Antibiotics Reduce Bacterial and Endotoxin Translocation in Hepatectomised Rats

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that septic complications, occurring after major hepatectomies, may be caused by gram negative bacteria, translocating from the gut. We investigated in rats, the effect of extended hepatectomy on the structure and morphology of the intestinal mucosa as well as on the translocation of intestinal bacteria and endotoxins. We also examined the effect of nonabsorbable antibiotics on reducing the intestinal flora and consequently the phenomenon of translocation by administering neomycin sulphate and cefazoline. Hepatectomy was found to increase translocation, while administration of nonabsorbable antibiotics decreased it significantly. In addition, hepatectomy increased the aerobic cecal bacterial population, which normalised in the group receiving antibiotics. Among the histological parameters evaluated, villus height demonstrated a significant reduction after hepatectomy, while the number of villi per cm and the number of mitoses per crypt, remained unchanged. Our results indicate that administration of nonabsorbable antibiotics presents a positive effect on bacterial and endotoxin translocation after extended hepatectomy, and this may be related to reduction of colonic bacterial load as an intraluminal effect of antibiotics.

Oxidative state in intestine and liver after partial hepatectomy in rats. Effect of bombesin and neurotensin

“…Our results confirm previous reports on bacterial and endotoxin translocation after hepatectomy, demonstrating significantly increased endotoxin concentrations in portal and aortic blood [1,26]. This study shows for the first time that administration of BBS or NT effectively reduces endotoxemia in hepatectomized rats.…”

“…Therefore, it seems that liver regeneration is a process that takes place under low oxidative stress conditions. Partial hepatectomy-induced alterations on intestinal oxidative state have not been adequately elucidated, and most studies up to now have focused on morphological or submicroscopic alterations of the intestinal mucosa and intestinal flora disturbances [1,26]. According to our results, partial hepatectomy decreases lipid peroxidation and glutathione oxidation in the intestine, while increases protein oxidation, indicating that these processes are modulated by different mechanisms in this organ.…”

The Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on Bacterial Translocation in Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

“…Kakkos et al 26 reported that administration of nonabsorbable antibiotics had a positive effect on bacterial and endotoxin translocation after extended hepatectomy, and related this to reduction of colonic bacterial load as an intraluminal effect of antibiotics. Our study has demonstrated that ampicillin-sulbaktam administration reduces the level of bacterial translocation.…”

Selective bowel decontamination improves the survival of 90% hepatectomy in rats

“…The cecal contents of the gut were collected by the following technique [9]. The ascending colon was ligated and a needle was introduced in to the cecum through the ileocecal valve with 2 mL of sterile saline infused in the cecum, the needle was withdrawn and the terminal ileum was ligated.…”