Non-Western immigrant children have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D than children from Western families

Omand, Jessica; Darling, Pauline B.; Parkin, Patricia C.; Birken, Catherine S.; Khovratovich, Marina; Thorpe, Kevin E.; Carsley, Sarah; DeGroot, Julie; Maguire, Jonathon L.

doi:10.1017/s1368980013001328

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Other Canadian research has also reported that seemingly healthy nonwestern immigrant children are at higher risk of having deficient-insufficient vitamin D status (12%) compared with western-born children (5%) (Omand et al 2014). However, after cow's milk intake, vitamin D supplementation, season, and age were taken into account, this relationship was no longer significant, so the relationship between immigration status and vitamin D status may be mediated by these variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Healthy immigrant children may also be at risk for vitamin D deficiency as a Toronto-based study reported that nonwestern immigrant children have a 1.9 times higher risk of having low vitamin D status below 50 nmol/L (12%) than western-born children (5%) (Omand et al 2014). However, once the analysis was adjusted for cow's milk intake, vitamin D supplementation, season, and age, the relationship was no longer significant, meaning these variables may mediate vitamin D status among immigrant children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canadian newcomer children’s bone health and vitamin D status

Lane

Nisbet

Whiting

et al. 2019

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Adequate calcium intake and supply of vitamin D during childhood play important roles in ensuring adequate bone mass gain to achieve optimal peak bone mass. The Healthy Immigrant Children study employed a mixed-method cross-sectional study design to characterize the health and nutritional status of 300 immigrant and refugee children aged 3–13 years who had been in Canada for less than 5 years. This paper presents bone mineral content and vitamin D status data along with qualitative data that deepen the understanding of newcomer bone health status. A significantly higher percentage of refugee children (72.3%) had insufficient (<50 nmol/L) or deficient (<30 nmol/L) serum vitamin D compared with immigrants (53.2%). Vitamin D deficiency was most common among ethnic minority girls. Newcomer children with higher intakes of vitamin D, younger newcomer children, and those from western Europe or the United States had higher serum vitamin D levels. Immigrants had significantly higher mean total body bone mineral content compared with refugees. Total body fat, serum vitamin D, calcium intake, height, height by calcium intake, total body fat by calcium intake, and total body fat by height predicted total body bone mineral content levels. Vitamin D deficiency among newcomer children may be related to lack of knowledge regarding children’s vitamin D requirements in the Canadian environment, dietary habits established in country of origin, low income that limits healthy dietary choices, and lifestyle habits that limit exposure to sunlight. Results suggest a need to screen newcomer children and pregnant women for vitamin D deficiency and support early intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canadian newcomer children’s bone health and vitamin D status

Lane

Nisbet

Whiting

et al. 2019

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…African, Middle Eastern, South Asian), who are already at high risk of vitamin D deficiency due to skin pigmentation, clothing style, sun avoidance behaviour and genetics. These groups are known to be at higher risk of 25(OH)D deficiency in HLC compared to native populations [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of high latitude, urban living and ethnicity on 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: A need for multidisciplinary action?

Mendes

Darling

Hart

et al. 2019

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…Higher risk of femoral neck osteoporosis among post-menopausal females of South Asian ancestry has been noted in the United States [11], underscoring the need for close monitoring. Comprehensive data are lacking for the Canadian population, except for a small study of South Asian and East Asian students from the University of Toronto [12] and a study of Non-Western immigrant children between the ages of 1–6 living in Toronto [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are more prevalent in Canadians of South Asian than European ancestry inhabiting the National Capital Region of Canada

Nagasaka¹,

Swist²,

Sarafin³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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The US Institute of Medicine defined serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) cut point values of 30 nmol/L and 40 nmol/L were used to assess the vitamin D status of South Asian and European Canadians of self-identified ancestry living in the National Capital Region of Canada. Serum 25OHD values were measured in the spring and fall of 2012 to represent status during the winter and summer months, respectively. A total of 1238 measurements were obtained from 669 participants (49% South Asian ancestry): some participants were measured only once (spring or fall). Median 25OHD values were significantly higher in participants of European ancestry: 70.8 nmol/L (68.1, 73.5; 95% CI) versus South Asian ancestry: 42.7 nmol/L (40.5, 45.0; P<0.001). Spring vs. fall differences were small for each ethnic group and significant only for those of European ancestry (2.9, CI: 1.0–4.9 nmol/L; P = 0.01). Among participants of South Asian ancestry, 27.3% (fall) and 29.1% (spring) of females had values <40 nmol/L while the percentages for males were considerably higher (36.5% and 44.2%, respectively). The corresponding values for participants of European ancestry were ≤10%, showing that the South Asian participants were less likely to achieve the 25OHD concentrations established by the IOM for optimum bone health. Investigation of the factors related to serum 25OHD levels showed that supplement intake and ethnic background were associated with the biggest differences. Skin color was not a major factor, suggesting that genetic factors are responsible for the observed differences between participants of different ethnic backgrounds.

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Non-Western immigrant children have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D than children from Western families

Cited by 15 publications

References 55 publications

Canadian newcomer children’s bone health and vitamin D status

Canadian newcomer children’s bone health and vitamin D status

Impact of high latitude, urban living and ethnicity on 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: A need for multidisciplinary action?

Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are more prevalent in Canadians of South Asian than European ancestry inhabiting the National Capital Region of Canada

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