Non-visual Information in Structure-from-motion

Damme, W.J.M. van; Grind, W. A. van de

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(96)00060-0

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to current SFM models, the slant perceived at one moment in time is not influenced by the properties that the velocity gradients take on outside a small temporal window of about 200 ms that is necessary to measure the properties of the optic flow (e.g., Treue et al, 1991;van Damme & van de Grind, 1996). Contrary to this assumption, we found that judgments of surface slant covaried with the values Figure 20.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Temporal integration in structure from motion.

Domini

Vuong

Caudek³

2002

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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A temporal integration model is proposed that predicts the results reported in 4 psychophysical experiments. The main findings were (a) the initial part of a structure-from-motion (SFM) sequence influences the orientation evoked by the final part of that sequence (an effect lasting for more than 1 s), and (b) for oscillating SFM sequences, perceived slant is affected by the oscillation frequency and by the sign of the final gradient. For contracting optic flows (i.e., rotations away from the image plane), the sequence with the lowest oscillation frequency appeared more slanted; for expanding optic flows (i.e., rotations toward the image plane), the sequence with the highest oscillation frequency appeared more slanted.The continuous change in the retinal projections produced by the relative motion between an observer and the environment is a very important source of information for the 3-D structure of the world. A way to characterize the dynamic properties of retinal projections is to describe them in terms of a pattern of moving features. We refer to this pattern as the optic flow (Gibson, 1950). Several investigations have revealed that perceptual analysis of the optic flow is not instantaneous but, rather, is performed over an extensive temporal window. Treue, Husain, and Andersen (1991) asked observers to discriminate between structured (cylinder) and unstructured (noise) random-dot displays with a limited dot lifetime. They found that performance improved over several dot lifetimes, thus indicating that some form of temporal integration occurs for the detection of a 3-D surface from the optic flow. In particular, they found a relatively constant point lifetime threshold (50 -85 ms) for perceiving structure from motion (SFM) and long reaction times for detecting the structure (approximately 1 s).Atchley, Andersen, and Wuestefeld (1998) showed observers optic-flow displays with an increasing (the displays began with few dots, and the number of dots increased as time went by) or decreasing (the number of dots decreased as time went by) texture density. Observers had to report when a 3-D surface was perceived (increasing condition) or when the surface disappeared (decreasing condition). A hysteresis effect was found: Detection thresholds were lower for the decreasing texture condition. These previous experiments indicate that the recovery of a 3-D surface from the optic flow builds up in time, thus revealing that human SFM is the product of a form of short-term temporal integration: A

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Temporal integration in structure from motion.

Domini

Vuong

Caudek³

2002

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…The general emerging picture is that extraretinal information contributes to removing ambiguities in extraction of SFM surface parameters, such as curvature or orientation, helping to determine more reliable three-dimensional percepts (Cornilleau-Pérès & Droulez, 1994;S. Rogers & B. J. Rogers, 1992; van Damme & van de Grind, 1996;Wexler, Panerai, Lamouret, & Droulez, 2001 hand, few authors have pointed out a potential involvement of extraretinal signals in the calibration of motion parallax cues to recover absolute distance information (Bingham & Stassen, 1994;Eriksson, 1973Eriksson, , 1974. In the present investigation, we tested for experimental evidence of the role of extraretinal signals in the estimation of absolute distance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of extraretinal signals to the scaling of object distance during self-motion

Panerai

Cornilleau-Pérès

Droulez

2002

Perception & Psychophysics

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We investigatedthe role of extraretinalinformation in the perception of absolute distance. In a computersimulated environment, monocular observers judged the distance of objects positioned at different locations in depth while performing frontoparallel movements of the head. The objects were spheres covered with random dots subtending three different visual angles. Observers viewed the objects at eye level, either in isolation or superimposed on a ground floor. The distance and size of the spheres were covaried to suppress relative size information. Hence, the main cues to distance were the motion parallax and the extraretinal signals. In three experiments, we found evidence that (1) perceived distance is correlated with simulated distance in terms of precision and accuracy, (2) the accuracy in the distance estimate is slightly improved by the presence of a ground-floor surface, (3) the perceived distance is not altered significantly when the visual field size increases, and (4) the absolute distance is estimated correctly during self-motion. Conversely, stationary subjects failed to report absolute distance when they passively observed a moving object producing the same retinal stimulation, unless they could rely on knowledge of the three-dimensional movements. PANERAI, CORNILLEAU-PÉRÈS, AND DROULEZhand, few authors have pointed out a potential involvement of extraretinal signals in the calibration of motion parallax cues to recover absolute distance information (Bingham & Stassen, 1994;Eriksson, 1973Eriksson, , 1974. In the present investigation, we tested for experimental evidence of the role of extraretinal signals in the estimation of absolute distance. We compared performance of monocular subjects in two conditions: when they actively explored stationary objects while making head movements, and when they passively observed moving objects from a stationary position. The visual motion experienced by the subject in the active condition is reproduced in the passive condition by moving objects on the basis of previously recorded head trajectories. The results show that performance in estimating distance in the two conditions is dramatically different and suggest that extraretinal information plays an important role in scaling motion parallax for estimating object distance. Moreover, we examined the influence of two factors on subject's accuracy in reporting distance-namely, the presence of a ground surface (J. J. Gibson, 1950;Sinai, Ooi, & He, 1998) and the size amplitude of retinal stimulation (Coello & Grealy, 1997;B. J. Rogers & Bradshaw, 1993). According to previous investigators (Dijkstra, Cornilleau-Pérès, Gielen, & Droulez, 1995), the size of the stimulated visual field can be an effective parameter influencing the perception of three-dimensional shape from motion. Finally, work on visual-vestibular interaction (Dichgans & Brandt, 1978) suggests that the motion field size could influence the processing and the interpretation of optic flow, eliciting either an object motion or a self-motion percept. Conse...

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“…Once a particular surface point reached its maximal lifetime, it would Bdie^and be moved to a randomlydetermined location in the succeeding frame. Limiting the point lifetime is an effective way of introducing Bcorrespondence noise^into the stimuli: the lower the surface point lifetime, the more difficult the identification task (Norman, Dawson, & Butler, 2000;Todd, 1985;van Damme & van de Grind, 1996).…”

Section: Experimental Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and visual 3-D shape recognition from motion

Norman

Adkins

Dowell

et al. 2017

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of younger and older adults to recognize 3-D object shape from patterns of optical motion. In Experiment 1, participants were required to identify dotted surfaces that rotated in depth (i.e., surface structure portrayed using the kinetic depth effect). The task difficulty was manipulated by limiting the surface point lifetimes within the stimulus apparent motion sequences. In Experiment 2, the participants identified solid, naturally shaped objects (replicas of bell peppers, Capsicum annuum) that were defined by occlusion boundary contours, patterns of specular highlights, or combined optical patterns containing both boundary contours and specular highlights. Significant and adverse effects of increased age were found in both experiments. Despite the fact that previous research has found that increases in age do not reduce solid shape discrimination, our current results indicated that the same conclusion does not hold for shape identification. We demonstrated that aging results in a reduction in the ability to visually recognize 3-D shape independent of how the 3-D structure is defined (motions of isolated points, deformations of smooth optical fields containing specular highlights, etc.).

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Non-visual Information in Structure-from-motion

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Temporal integration in structure from motion.

Temporal integration in structure from motion.

Contribution of extraretinal signals to the scaling of object distance during self-motion

Aging and visual 3-D shape recognition from motion

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