Non-viraemic transmission of tick-borne viruses

Havlíková, Sabína; Ličková, Martina; Klempa, Boris

doi:10.4149/av_2013_02_123

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ticks can serve as both reservoirs and vectors, while the vertebrate host provides a transport route between cofeeding ticks with so-called nonviremic transmission (Milan Labuda's enduring paradigm) (44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49). This unique transmission route seems to be facilitated mainly by leukocytes migrating between collaterally present tick feeding sites and, interestingly, does not depend on the viremic stage of the vertebrate host (49,50). The major role in the maintenance of these viruses can therefore be attributed to horizontal means of transmission with leukocyte-mediated cofeeding transmission, which might be more important than transovarial transmission from the adult female tick to the eggs (51,52).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Flaviviruses, with a Focus on Powassan Virus

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe tick-borne pathogen Powassan virus is a rare cause of encephalitis in North America and the Russian Far East. The number of documented cases described since the discovery of Powassan virus in 1958 may be <150, although detection of cases has increased over the past decade. In the United States, the incidence of Powassan virus infections expanded from the estimated 1 case per year prior to 2005 to 10 cases per year during the subsequent decade. The increased detection rate may be associated with several factors, including enhanced surveillance, the availability of improved laboratory diagnostic methods, the expansion of the vector population, and, perhaps, altered human activities that lead to more exposure. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether Powassan virus is indeed an emerging threat or if enzootic cycles in nature remain more-or-less stable with periodic fluctuations of host and vector population sizes. Despite the low disease incidence, the approximately 10% to 15% case fatality rate of neuroinvasive Powassan virus infection and the temporary or prolonged sequelae in >50% of survivors make Powassan virus a medical concern requiring the attention of public health authorities and clinicians. The medical importance of Powassan virus justifies more research on developing specific and effective treatments and prevention and control measures.

show abstract

Section: Epidemiology and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Flaviviruses, with a Focus on Powassan Virus

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In arthropods, they include vertical transovarial transmission (figure 1, lower right panel) and horizontal venereal transmission [9,16]. Additionally, co-feeding transmission (figure 1, lower left panel) occurs when virus is passed from an infected vector to an uninfected vector feeding simultaneously and in close physical proximity on the vertebrate host [9,17].…”

Section: The Double Life Of Arbovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tortoise or the hare? Impacts of within-host dynamics on transmission success of arthropod-borne viruses

Althouse

Hanley

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One contribution of 17 to a theme issue 'Within-host dynamics of infection: from ecological insights to evolutionary predictions'. Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are maintained in a cycle of alternating transmission between vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. Arboviruses possess RNA genomes capable of rapid diversification and adaptation, and the between-host trade-offs inherent to host alternation impose well-documented constraints on arbovirus evolution. Here, we investigate the less well-studied within-host trade-offs that shape arbovirus replication dynamics and transmission. Arboviruses generally establish lifelong infection in vectors but transient infection of variable magnitude (i.e. peak virus concentration) and duration in vertebrate hosts. In the majority of experimental infections of vertebrate hosts, both the magnitude and duration of arbovirus replication depended upon the dose of virus administered, with increasing dose resulting in greater magnitude but shorter duration of viraemia. This pattern suggests that the vertebrate immune response imposes a trade-off between the height and breadth of the virus replication curve. To investigate the impact of this trade-off on transmission, we used a simple modelling approach to contrast the effect of 'tortoise' (low magnitude, long duration viraemia) and 'hare' (high magnitude, short duration viraemia) arbovirus replication strategies on transmission. This model revealed that, counter to previous theory, arboviruses that adopt a tortoise strategy have higher rates of persistence in both host and vector populations.

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, co-feeding transmission of viruses between ticks does not require host viremia, suggesting potential local circulation of the viruses in the vertebrate host. This circulation may be limited temporally and spatially, confined to the tick engorgement site on the host, which would result in virus exchange between ticks without triggering host viremia [57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA Viruses of Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus and Cattle Susceptibility in the French Antilles

Gondard

Temmam

Devillers

et al. 2020

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ticks transmit a wide variety of pathogens including bacteria, parasites and viruses. Over the last decade, numerous novel viruses have been described in arthropods, including ticks, and their characterization has provided new insights into RNA virus diversity and evolution. However, little is known about their ability to infect vertebrates. As very few studies have described the diversity of viruses present in ticks from the Caribbean, we implemented an RNA-sequencing approach on Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from cattle in Guadeloupe and Martinique. Among the viral communities infecting Caribbean ticks, we selected four viruses belonging to the Chuviridae, Phenuiviridae and Flaviviridae families for further characterization and designing antibody screening tests. While viral prevalence in individual tick samples revealed high infection rates, suggesting a high level of exposure of Caribbean cattle to these viruses, no seropositive animals were detected. These results suggest that the Chuviridae- and Phenuiviridae-related viruses identified in the present study are more likely tick endosymbionts, raising the question of the epidemiological significance of their occurrence in ticks, especially regarding their possible impact on tick biology and vector capacity. The characterization of these viruses might open the door to new ways of preventing and controlling tick-borne diseases.

show abstract

Non-viraemic transmission of tick-borne viruses

Cited by 30 publications

References 47 publications

Tick-Borne Flaviviruses, with a Focus on Powassan Virus

Tick-Borne Flaviviruses, with a Focus on Powassan Virus

The tortoise or the hare? Impacts of within-host dynamics on transmission success of arthropod-borne viruses

RNA Viruses of Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus microplus and Cattle Susceptibility in the French Antilles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About