Non-typhoid Salmonellosis: Emerging Infection in Pune?

Shahane, V; Muley, V.D.; Kagal, Anju; Bharadwaj, Renu

doi:10.1016/s0255-0857(21)02186-1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The transcriptional regulator of sprB is primarily reported in SPI-4 and weakly represses SPI-1 too. This study not only has recapitulated reports from the previous investigations about the serotypes and distribution of genes in SPI regions but also verified their profiles using the database for S. enterica Typhimurium ms202 [19,51,52].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Studies using whole-genome sequence showed the serovar-level distribution in Salmonella enterica subsp enterica [16][17][18]. However, it has often been neglected and studies on in-depth pathway analysis regarding the NTS infections are rarely reported from India [19]. As noted earlier, S. Typhimurium is the most common pathogen for NTS infection, significantly contributing to gastroenteritis with a greater intensity of infection in immunocompromised hosts [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome analysis and virulence gene expression profile of a multi drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ms202

et al. 2022

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Background In India, multi-drug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium poses a significant health threat. Indeed, S. Typhimurium has remained unknown for a large portion of its genome associated with various physiological functions including mechanism of drug resistance and virulence. The whole-genome sequence of a Salmonella strain obtained from feces of a patient with gastroenteritis in Odisha, India, was analyzed for understanding the disease association and underlying virulence mechanisms. Results The de novo assembly yielded 17 contigs and showed 99.9% similarity to S. enterica sub sp enterica strain LT2 and S. enteric subsp salamae strain DSM 9220. S. Typhimurium ms202 strain constitutes six known Salmonella pathogenicity islands and nine different phages. The comparative interpretation of pathogenic islands displayed the genes contained in SPI-1 and SPI-2 to be highly conserved. We identified sit ABCD cluster regulatory cascade in SPI-1. Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes were identified that directly implies antibiotic-resistant phenotype. Notably, seven unique genes were identified as "acquired antibiotic resistance". These data suggest that virulence in S. enterica Typhimurium ms202 is associated with SPI-1 and SPI-2. Further, we found several virulent genes encoding SPI regions belonging to type III secretion systems (T3SS) of bacteria were significantly upregulated in ms202 compared to control LT2. Moreover, all these genes were significantly downregulated in S. enterica Typhimurium ms202 as compared to control LT2 on adding Mn2+ exogenously. Conclusions Our study raises a vital concern about the potential diffusion of a novel multi-drug resistant S. enterica Typhimurium ms202. It justifies this clinical pathogen to demonstrate a higher degree survival due to higher expression of virulent genes and enhanced ability of metallic ion acquisition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome analysis and virulence gene expression profile of a multi drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ms202

et al. 2022

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Characterization of an Outer Membrane Protein ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium That Confers Protection against Typhoid

Hamid

Jain

2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Typhoid caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi remains a major health concern worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella with increased virulence, communicability, and survivability leading to increased morbidity and mortality has further complicated its management. Currently available vaccines for typhoid have less-than-desired efficacy and certain unacceptable side effects, making it pertinent to search for new immunogens suitable for vaccine formulation. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Salmonella have been considered possible candidates for conferring protection against typhoid. OMPs interface the cell with the environment, thus representing important virulence factors with a significant role in the pathobiology of gram-negative bacteria and bacterial adaptation. An OMP of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with an apparent molecular mass of 49 kDa that is highly immunogenic, evokes humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and confers 100% protection to immunized rats against challenge with very high doses (up to 100 times the 50% lethal dose) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium has been identified. Further, very efficient clearance of bacteria from the reticuloendothelial systems of immunized animals was seen. This protein is recognized by the antibodies present in serum of typhoid patients. When sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel-eluted protein was further analyzed by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and two-dimensional electrophoresis, two polypeptides with the same molecular weight were resolved. These have different isoelectric points and gave two peaks with different retention times in reverse-phase HPLC. However, only one of the two bands interacted with patient serum. The immunogenicity studies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and delayed-type hypersensitivity [DTH]) indicated that the immunoreactive protein evoked a strong immune response in rats. The N-terminal sequencing and analysis of the homology of this protein with sequences in the protein database of Salmonella resulted in a match with the N-terminal sequences of a protein in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (CT18 and Ty2 strains). The homology search further revealed it to be a hypothetical protein, whose gene had unidentified open reading frames in Salmonella serovar Typhi encoding 447 amino acid residues, corresponding to a molecular mass of 49 kDa. The nucleotide sequence of the encoding gene was deduced, and the gene was amplified by PCR using appropriate primers. An amplified 1.3-kb band was purified and sequenced to confirm its identity. These OMPs provide promising targets for the development of a candidate vaccine against typhoid.Typhoid fever is an acute systemic illness caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The organisms are noncapsulated, nonsporulating, facultative anaerobic bacilli, which have characteristic flagellar, somatic, and outer coat antigens (32). Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is its murine/rodent counterpart...

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Emergence and Distribution of Diverse Serovars of Non-Typhoidal Salmonellae in Mangalore, Coastal Karnataka: A 12-year Experience

Antony,

Shetty,

Kuruvilla

2024

Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences

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Background and Aim: Non-Typhoidal Salmonellae (NTS) is emerging as a major health problem globally. They cause foodborne infections, especially gastroenteritis as well as extraintestinal manifestations. As this is a zoonotic disease, certain animal sources such as poultry, egg, meat and dairy products are implicated. Fruits and vegetables too contaminated by manure of infected animal excreta are possible vehicles of transmission of this disease. The present report analyzes the spectrum of NTS with seroprofiling, isolated in our institute for the last 12 years. Materials and Methods: Fresh fecal samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis and blood samples from cases of bacteremia were processed according to the standard protocol. Nonlactose fermenting colonies resembling Salmonella were subjected to biochemical characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility testing followed by serotyping. Results: One hundred fifty-two NTS strains were isolated from feces and 13 from blood. Serotyping of these strains revealed that the most common NTS species was Salmonella Typhimurium (44.8%), followed by Salmonella Oslo (15.2%) and Salmonella Weltevreden (11.5%). Many rare strains were also encountered in our study. Conclusion: As many of the NTS species are biochemically similar, serotyping of NTS should be made mandatory to know the burden of the disease and to detect the emergence of new serovars. Emergence of multidrug resistance in NTS strains is a major concern nowadays. It is very essential to adopt strict quality measures in poultry, fish, dairy, and meat processing units as they are widely distributed in animals. In addition, strategies should be formulated by health education and public awareness programs to sensitize the population regarding this menace.

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Non-typhoid Salmonellosis: Emerging Infection in Pune?

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Genome analysis and virulence gene expression profile of a multi drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ms202

Genome analysis and virulence gene expression profile of a multi drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ms202

Characterization of an Outer Membrane Protein ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium That Confers Protection against Typhoid

Emergence and Distribution of Diverse Serovars of Non-Typhoidal Salmonellae in Mangalore, Coastal Karnataka: A 12-year Experience

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