Non-typhoid <i>Salmonella</i> spp. resistant to cefotaxime

Rossi, Alicia; Lopardo, Horacio; Woloj, Mabel; Am, Picandet; Marino, Mariacatia; Galds, M; Radice, Marcela; Gutkind, Gabriel

doi:10.1093/jac/36.4.697

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…(Miriagou et al, 2004). There have been reports of outbreaks due to CTX-M-2 ESBL-producing Salmonella in Argentina (Rossi et al, 1995;Bauernfeind et al, 1996;Orman et al, 2002) and CTX-M-4-or CTX-M-5-producing S. Typhimurium in Russia, Belarus, Hungary and Latvia between 1996 and 1999 (Edelstein et al, 2004;Tassios et al, 1999;Bradford et al, 1998). Outbreaks due to CTX-M-15-producing Salmonella strains have not been reported previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Salmonella spp. in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates

Rotimi

Jamal

Pal

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Cephalosporins are major antimicrobials used to treat serious Salmonella infections. However, their effectiveness is being compromised by the emergence of extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs). The genetic determinants encoding ESBL in Salmonella spp. isolated from patients in Kuwait and United Arab Emirates (UAE) were studied over a 2 year period. Out of a total of 407 isolates, 116 isolates possessed the resistance phenotypes consistent with possible ESBL production. Of these, 69 (59.5 %) were ESBL positive. PCR and sequencing were used to determine the genetic determinant(s) responsible for ESBL phenotypes. A total of 14 (12.1 %) and 29 (24.6 %) isolates were CTX-M-15 ESBL producers and TEM producers, respectively. Ten CTX-M-15 producers carried the insertion sequence ISEcpI gene. PFGE analysis revealed identical profiles in 4 of the 13 Kuwaiti strains. This study reports the presence of the bla CTX-M-15 gene in Salmonella spp. and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi from Kuwait and UAE for what is believed to be the first time. This is of great concern as the gene is also found in association with the ISEcpI gene, which may easily facilitate its spread. These isolates originated mostly from nonKuwaiti Arabs rather than from people of Asian origin. INTRODUCTIONSalmonella spp. are an important cause of enteric fever and gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The organisms are transmitted by contaminated food and inadequate hygiene. Typhoidal and serious invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. infections are usually treated with antimicrobial agents. Fluoroquinolones and b-lactams are the drugs of choice for invasive salmonella infections. However, resistance has emerged to various classes of antibiotics in many parts of the world with the spread of resistant strains. Both health care-associated outbreaks and community outbreaks have been reported (Arlet et al., 2006).In Salmonella, resistance to cephalosporins is largely due to production of extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs). Most ESBLs in Salmonella are derivatives of TEM and SHV b-lactamase families. Other groups, including PER and CTX-M types, have been described recently (Bonnet, 2004;Bradford, 2001). Also, b-lactamases belonging to either Ambler class B (metallo-b-lactamase) or class A, such as KPC-2, able to hydrolyse carbapenems, have been described (Miriagou et al., 2003).CTX-M type ESBLs or cefotaximases, belong to class A blactamases and are encoded by bla CTX-M genes located in a plasmid or on the chromosome (Rodriguez et al., 2004). Different elements may be involved in the mobilization of bla CTX-M genes. Studies with plasmids have confirmed the potential involvement of the insertion sequence ISEcp1 in the mobility of bla CTX-M (Cao et al., 2002). CTX-M enzymes comprise a rapidly growing family of enzymes disseminated in several parts of the world (Bonnet, 2004). A concern is the fact that CTX-M type ESBLs display a level of resistance to cefotaxime (Ctx) and ceftriaxone (Cro) significantly higher than that to ceftazidime (Caz) (Bradford, 2001),...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Salmonella spp. in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates

Rotimi

Jamal

Pal

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…In recent years, however, ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella in humans as well as animals has frequently been reported worldwide, including reports from the United States, Europe, South America, Asia, and Russia (3,7,9,12,13,17,21,26,(32)(33)(34)(36)(37)(38). In Taiwan, a high percentage of Salmonella isolates have been resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole since the 1990s (18,22,31,40,41).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, many strains that were originally identified as cefotaxime resistant because of the production of CTX-M-type ␤-lactamases (e.g., CTX-M-2, CTX-M-5, and CTX-M-9) have been found to be ceftriaxone resistant as well (3,5,26,28,33), and a ceftriaxone-resistant S. enterica serovar Anatum strain carrying the bla CTX-M-3 gene on a plasmid was isolated in Taiwan (32).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ceftriaxone Resistance of Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica Isolates in Northern Taiwan Attributable to Production of CTX-M-14 and CMY-2 β-Lactamases

Huang

Liu

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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. Sixteen of these isolates belonged to Salmonella serogroup B, nine belonged to serogroup C, four belonged to serogroup D, and two belonged to serogroup E. The majority were from stool cultures. The mechanism of resistance was investigated for eight isolates, including three S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, one S. enterica serovar Wagenia, one S. enterica serovar Senftenberg, one S. enterica serovar Derby, one S. enterica serovar Panama, and one S. enterica serovar Duesseldorf isolate. All eight patients from whom these isolates were recovered had community-acquired infections. All eight isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime but susceptible to imipenem and ciprofloxacin. Ceftriaxone resistance was due to the production of the CMY-2 AmpC ␤-lactamase by seven isolates and the CTX-M-14 ␤-lactamase by the remaining isolate. Both ␤-lactamase genes were carried on conjugative plasmids. In a 2.5-kb region encompassing the bla CMY-2 gene, at nucleotide 49 upstream of the start codon of bla CMY-2 , three of the seven bla CMY-2 -positive isolates had an A nucleotide and four had a G nucleotide. In conclusion, the ceftriaxone resistance of nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates in our hospital was attributed to the CTX-M-14 and CMY-2 ␤-lactamases.

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“…The presence of an ESBL was confirmed by microbiologic and biochemical tests using different third-generation cephalosporins as substrates for the enzymes present in bacterial sonicates and an iodometric detection system (9). A microbiologic confirmation test for ESBLs was performed according to recommendations of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for E. coli and Klebsiella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Argentina, CTX-M-2 is the most prevalent ESBL (7) and has been reported in several enterobacteria (8)(9)(10). Although very common in nosocomial pathogens, it has also been recovered from other enteric microorganisms (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance inShigella sonnei, Argentina

Radice

González

Power

et al. 2001

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Non-typhoid Salmonella spp. resistant to cefotaxime

Abstract: beta-Lactamases with pIs of 5.4 and 8.1 were detected by hydrolysis of ampicillin and ceftriaxone respectively among cefotaxime resistant serovars of Salmonella spp. suggesting TEM-1 and an unidentified extended spectrum beta-lactamase have spread throughout these strains in Argentina.

Cited by 48 publications

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Emergence of CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Salmonella spp. in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates

Emergence of CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Salmonella spp. in Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates

Ceftriaxone Resistance of Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica Isolates in Northern Taiwan Attributable to Production of CTX-M-14 and CMY-2 β-Lactamases

Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance inShigella sonnei, Argentina

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