Non-traumatic adhesive arachnoiditis as a cause of spinal cord syndromes. Investigation on 507 patients

Jenik, F; Tekle-Haimanot, Redda; Hamory, Bruce H.

doi:10.1038/sc.1981.31

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…7-10 Jenik et al 11 highlighted, for the first time, the possible relationship between adhesive arachnoiditis and syringomyelia. Syringomyelia is an eccentric cavity within the spinal cord, which contains extracellular fluid (identical or similar to CSF).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Adhesive Arachnoiditis Associated with Syringomyelia

Pasoglou¹,

Janin²,

Tebache³

et al. 2014

American Journal of Neuroradiology

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SUMMARY:Adhesive arachnoiditis is a rare condition, often complicated by syringomyelia. This pathologic entity is usually associated with prior spinal surgery, spinal inflammation or infection, and hemorrhage. The usual symptoms of arachnoiditis are pain, paresthesia, and weakness of the low extremities due to the nerve entrapment. A few cases have had no obvious etiology. Previous studies have reported one family with multiple cases of adhesive arachnoiditis. We report a second family of Belgian origin with multiple cases of arachnoiditis and secondary syringomyelia in the affected individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Adhesive Arachnoiditis Associated with Syringomyelia

Pasoglou¹,

Janin²,

Tebache³

et al. 2014

American Journal of Neuroradiology

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“…However, the pathogenic significance of arachnoid scarring had not been as generally acknowledged, although most authors report arachnoid adhesions at the level of the spinal injury in patients with post-traumatic syringomyelia (Barnett et al, 1973;Caplan et al, 1990;Edgar and Quail, 1994;Holmes, 1915;McLean et al, 1973;Oakley et al, 1981;Padilla, 1982;Rossier et al, 1981;Seibert et al, 1981). Spinal arachnoiditis may also be caused by pyogenic infection (Barnett et al, 1973;Jenik et al, 1981), tuberculous meningitis (Barnett et al, 1973;Brooks et al, 1954;Feigin et al, 1971;Gimenez-Roldan et al, 1974;Jenik et al, 1981), luetic meningitis (Barnett et al, 1973), bleeding into the meninges (Feigin et al, 1971;Nelson, 1943), and post-operative scarring (Barnett et al, 1973). Through spinal arachnoiditis is known to be associated with syrinx formation, the mechanism of syringomyelia is not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Experimental Syringohydromyelia Induced by Adhesive Arachnoiditis in the Rabbit: Changes in the Blood–Spinal Cord Barrier, Neuroinflammatory Foci, and Syrinx Formation

Kobayashi

Kato²,

Guerrero³

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurotrauma

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There are many histological examinations of syringohydromyelia in the literature. However, there has been very little experimental work on blood permeability in the spinal cord vessels and ultrastructural changes. We prepared an animal model of spinal adhesive arachnoiditis by injecting kaolin into the subarachnoid space at the eighth thoracic vertebra of rabbits. The animals were evaluated 4 months later. Of the 30 rabbits given kaolin injection into the cerebrospinal fluid, 23 showed complete circumferential obstruction. In the 7 animals with partial obstruction of the subarachnoid space, intramedullary changes were not observed. However, among the 23 animals showing complete obstruction of the subarachnoid space, dilatation of the central canal (hydromyelia) occurred in 21, and intramedullary syrinx (syringomyelia) was observed in 11. In animals with complete obstruction, fluorescence microscopy revealed intramedullary edema around the central canal, extending to the posterior columns. Electron microscopy of hydromyelia revealed a marked reduction of villi on the ependymal cells, separation of the ependymal cells, and cavitation of the subependymal layer. The dilated perivascular spaces indicate alterations of fluid exchange between the subarachnoid and extracellular spaces. Syringomyelia revealed that nerve fibers and nerve cells were exposed on the surface of the syrinx, and necrotic tissue was removed by macrophages to leave a syrinx. Both pathologies differ in their mechanism of development: hydromyelia is attributed to disturbed reflux of cerebrospinal fluid, while tissue necrosis due to disturbed intramedullary blood flow is considered to be involved in formation of the syrinx in syringomyelia.

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“…Progressive idiopathic and predominantly motor myelopathy, as described elsewhere in tropical countries (Roman et al, 1985) is also encountered in Ethiopia (Jenik et al, 1981;Rynberg et al, 1988). This may, in some instances, be confused with the myelopathy of osteofluorosis, unless one is aware of the patient's area of origin and residence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Neurological complications of endemic skeletal fluorosis, with special emphasis on radiculo-myelopathy

Haimanot

1990

Spinal Cord

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SummaryThe results of surveys carried out between 1976 and 1985 in the fluorosis-endemic area of the Ethiopian Rift Valley is summarised, with emphasis on the neurological complications resulting from the crippling osteofluorosis. The neurological manifestations in the forms of myelopathy with and without radiculapathy (respectively 72% and 28%) occurred after exposure to high fluoride (> 4 ppm) for longer than 10 years. These deficits were clearly found to be a consequence of f l uoride deposition in bones, resulting in generalised sclerosis and osteophytosis, with reduction in the diameter of the intervertebral foramina and of the spinal canal. Advanced osteosclerosis commonly causes severe spastic quadriparesis in flexion, accompanied by distressing spasms and urinary incontinence. The dilemma of these medical problems in relation to the agro-industrial economic developments of the Ethiopian Rift Valley is discussed.

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Non-traumatic adhesive arachnoiditis as a cause of spinal cord syndromes. Investigation on 507 patients

Cited by 27 publications

References 33 publications

Familial Adhesive Arachnoiditis Associated with Syringomyelia

Familial Adhesive Arachnoiditis Associated with Syringomyelia

Experimental Syringohydromyelia Induced by Adhesive Arachnoiditis in the Rabbit: Changes in the Blood–Spinal Cord Barrier, Neuroinflammatory Foci, and Syrinx Formation

Neurological complications of endemic skeletal fluorosis, with special emphasis on radiculo-myelopathy

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