Non Transferrin Bound Iron: Nature, Manifestations and Analytical Approaches for Estimation

Patel, Meghna; Ramavataram, Dvss

doi:10.1007/s12291-012-0250-7

Cited by 69 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…In contrast, the g′ = 4.3 band observed has a width of 57 ± 2 G pp across all temperatures, and no splitting. Conversely, iron bound to low molecular weight complexes, also called “loosely bound iron”39585960, presents spectral features similar to our signal (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…observed an increase in the intensity of g′ = 4.3 signal in a tissue homogenate and in a ferritin solution upon treatment with ascorbate and deferrioxamine. We therefore propose that the observed iron signal is likely mononuclear high-spin iron in sites of low symmetry, possibly bound to low molecular weight complexes58. Weakly or loosely bound iron can be used in catalytic cycles to produce the very damaging hydroxyl radical, via Haber-Weiss and Fenton reactions115861.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We therefore propose that the observed iron signal is likely mononuclear high-spin iron in sites of low symmetry, possibly bound to low molecular weight complexes58. Weakly or loosely bound iron can be used in catalytic cycles to produce the very damaging hydroxyl radical, via Haber-Weiss and Fenton reactions115861. Reagents of these reactions are the hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical, which are both produced by mitochondria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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A novel approach to quantify different iron forms in ex-vivo human brain tissue

Kumar

Bulk

Webb

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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We propose a novel combination of methods to study the physical properties of ferric ions and iron-oxide nanoparticles in post-mortem human brain, based on the combination of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and SQUID magnetometry. By means of EPR, we derive the concentration of the low molecular weight iron pool, as well as the product of its electron spin relaxation times. Additionally, by SQUID magnetometry we identify iron mineralization products ascribable to a magnetite/maghemite phase and a ferrihydrite (ferritin) phase. We further derive the concentration of magnetite/maghemite and of ferritin nanoparticles. To test out the new combined methodology, we studied brain tissue of an Alzheimer’s patient and a healthy control. Finally, we estimate that the size of the magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles, whose magnetic moments are blocked at room temperature, exceeds 40–50 nm, which is not compatible with the ferritin protein, the core of which is typically 6–8 nm. We believe that this methodology could be beneficial in the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease which are characterized by abnormal iron accumulation in the brain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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A novel approach to quantify different iron forms in ex-vivo human brain tissue

Kumar

Bulk

Webb

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Unbound iron in such patients is capable of generating highly reactive free radicals and is also known to cause tissue damage. Our results confirmed elevated levels of NTBI in patients with β-thalassemia major, while in normal healthy individuals, the value of NTBI does not exceed 1 μmol/L and is often unmeasurable by most of the methods (Patel & Ramavataram, 2012). Nonetheless, our obtained results support the evidence that curcumin as a plant polyphenol may exert iron binding activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

An investigation of the effects of curcumin on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in β‐thalassemia major patients: A double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Mohammadi

Tamaddoni

Qujeq

et al. 2018

Phytotherapy Research

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This study investigated the effects of curcumin, the active polyphenol in turmeric, on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in β-thalassemia major patients. This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 68 β-thalassemia major patients. The subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive either 500 mg curcumin capsules (total: 1,000 mg) twice daily or placebo for 12 weeks. Dietary intakes and biochemical variables including hemoglobin, transferrin saturation, total iron binding capacity, nontransferrin bound iron (NTBI), ferritin, hepcidin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assessed at the beginning and end of the trial. Curcumin significantly reduced serum levels of NTBI (2.83 ± 1.08 compared with 2.22 ± 0.97 μmol/L, p = .001), ALT (42.86 ± 11.15 compared with 40.60 ± 9.89 U/L, p = .018), and AST (49.45 ± 12.39 compared with 46.30 ± 10.85 U/L, p = .002) at the end of the study. Based on analysis of covariance, a significant decrease was also observed in levels of NTBI (2.22 ± 0.97 vs. 2.55 ± 0.94 μmol/L, p = .026), ALT (40.60 ± 9.89 vs. 45.01 ± 10.42 U/L, p = .004), and AST (46.30 ± 10.85 vs. 50.99 ± 9.36 U/L, p = .009) in curcumin group in comparison with placebo group. There were no significant changes in hepcidin and other variables in any of the 2 groups. Curcumin administration alleviated iron burden and liver dysfunction by reducing NTBI, ALT, and AST levels in patients with β-thalassemia major.

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“…When the incoming iron from transfusion therapy exceeds the binding capacity of transferrin and ferritin, it accumulates as unbound iron [1,6,7]. The free iron contributes in chemical reactions that generate oxygen radicals and causes damage in vital organs including heart, liver and endocrine glands, depending on the final location of its deposition [3,8]. It is documented that in patients with β-thalassemia major, levels or activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and vitamin E are significantly depressed because of the increased need to neutralize the oxidative stress, while malondialdehyde (MDA) level as a lipid peroxidation index is elevated [1,9,10,11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Curcumin Supplementation on Antioxidant Status in β-Thalassemia Major Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Nasseri

Mohammadi²,

Tamaddoni³

et al. 2017

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background: β-Thalassemia major, the most common inherited anemia in the world, is associated with imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin supplementation on markers of oxidative stress in patients with β-Thalassemia. Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 61 β-thalassemia major patients. Subjects in the curcumin group received two 500 mg curcumin capsules daily and patients in the placebo group took 2 placebo capsules daily for 12 weeks. Dietary intakes and biochemical parameters were assessed at the beginning and the end of intervention. Results: At the end of the study, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total and direct bilirubin significantly decreased (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively) and total antioxidant capacity significantly increased (p = 0.005) in the curcumin group. Based on the analysis of covariance, a significant reduction in MDA, total and direct bilirubin was also detected in the curcumin group when compared to the placebo group (p = 0.001, p = 0.039, and p = 0.013, respectively). Changes in hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, catalase, and vitamin E were not significant in any of the 2 groups. Conclusions: Curcumin supplementation in combination with deferoxamin improved the antioxidant status in β-thalassemia major patients. Curcumin may be useful for the relief of metabolic complications in these patients.

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Non Transferrin Bound Iron: Nature, Manifestations and Analytical Approaches for Estimation

Cited by 69 publications

References 113 publications

A novel approach to quantify different iron forms in ex-vivo human brain tissue

A novel approach to quantify different iron forms in ex-vivo human brain tissue

An investigation of the effects of curcumin on iron overload, hepcidin level, and liver function in β‐thalassemia major patients: A double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Benefits of Curcumin Supplementation on Antioxidant Status in β-Thalassemia Major Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

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