Non-thermal plasma assisted non-oxidative methane liquefaction for fuel production at near ambient conditions

Abstract

As one of the most important energy sources, the utilization of natural gas has a series of limitations because of its inert characteristics. In this study, the non-thermal plasma assisted...

In‐Liquid Plasma Catalysis: Tools for Sustainable H2‐free Heavy Oils Upgrading

“…By offering energetic electrons to generate reactive species, plasma reactions circumvent the constraints imposed by high temperatures, enabling efficient chemical transformations even at ambient conditions. Plasma-assisted CH 4 activation and conversions have been extensively reported in the literature, [12,[21][22][23] with experimental data confirming that CH 4 molecule activation under the plasma regime yields highly reactive H* and CH* species. Moreover, the plasma-catalysis synergisms bring about a significant enhancement in reaction selectivity and performance.…”

“…The synergistic effects between plasma and catalysis have long been proved for the enhancement of CH 4 activation. [11,12,21] The plasma gas such as CH 4 in this concept perspective, can provide a "catalysis" role to provide highly energetic species including H* and CH* to accelerate the CÀ H, and CÀ C scission reactions and promote the upgrading performance. Furthermore, the integration of advanced heterogeneous catalysis is set to provide better upgrading performance and product selectivity.…”

Non-thermal plasma catalysis driven sustainable pyrolysis oil upgrading to jet fuel under near-ambient conditions

“…This suggests that the generated H 2 was consumed in facilitating active H species for cleavage of pyrolysis oil molecules and stabilization of the formed cracking intermediates. 43 In the absence of oil, the plasma-mediated conversion of CH 4 resulted in a phenomenon known as methane liquefaction, leading to the formation of liquid products. However, the liquid yield from this reaction over the course of an hour remained relatively modest, measuring at 4.1%.…”

“…This finding aligns with a similar observation reported by our research group in the liquefaction of methane under plasma conditions. 43 The presence of feed oil in the reaction with CH 4 (Empty 2 experiment) diminished gas to 5.3% but increases the liquid yield to 91.2%. It is worth mentioning that the introduction of GaN or Ir/GaN had limited impact on CH 4 conversion and upgraded the liquid oil yield, both remaining relatively stable at approximately 8.9% for CH 4 conversion and 86.0 and 86.8% for oil yields, respectively.…”

Estimated electric conductivities of thermal plasma for air-fuel combustion and oxy-fuel combustion with potassium or cesium seeding

“…The first and third fuels represent the two extreme cases of carbon/hydrogen elemental mass ratio, being zero in the case of hydrogen (H 2 ), but infinity in the case of carbon (C). The second simulated fuel is the chief component of natural gas, forming more than 90 % of its content [ [166] , [167] , [168] , [169] ].…”