Non-systemic fungal endophytes of grasses

Márquez, Salud Sánchez; Bills, Gerald F.; Herrero, Noemí; Zabalgogeazcoa, Íñigo

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2010.12.001

Cited by 129 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…A recent study which sampled the endophyte diversity in the above-ground tissues of cotton from several populations found a very diverse group, but with relatively few Penicillium (Ek-Ramos et al 2013). Fungal diversity was also high in a review of the endophytes in grass species, with some assemblage similarity to ours (Sánchez Márquez et al 2012). The only study which specifically focused on characterising fungal root endophytes from a single species (tomato, Solanum lycopersicon ) also revealed the presence of many putative new species (Andrade-Linares et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In recent years, DNA-based studies of endophytic organisms isolated from the wild and cultivated plant systems have led to an increasing level of awareness of the high phylogenetic diversity within fungal endophytes (Andrade-Linares et al 2011; Sánchez Márquez et al 2012; Ek-Ramos et al 2013). Some of these endophytes are localised to specific tissue types and some are found systemically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profundae diversitas: the uncharted genetic diversity in a newly studied group of fungal root endophytes

et al. 2015

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Endophytes associated with crops have potential as beneficial inoculants in agriculture, but little is known about their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships. We carried out the first ever ecological and phylogenetic survey of the culturable fungal root endophytes of a wild barley species. Fungal root endophytes were isolated from 10 populations of wall barley (Hordeum murinum), and 112 taxa of fungi were identified based on internal transcribed spacer sequence similarity. We found representatives from 8 orders, 12 families and 18 genera. Within this group, only 34 isolates (30% of the total) could be confidently assigned to a species, and 23 of the isolates (21% of the total) had no significant match to anything deposited in GenBank (based on <85% sequence similarity). These results suggest a high proportion of novel fungi, with 28% not assigned to a known fungal order. This includes three endophytes that have been shown to significantly improve agronomic traits in cultivated barley. This study has, therefore, revealed a profound diversity of fungal root endophytes in a single wild relative of barley. Extrapolating from this, the study highlights the largely unknown, hugely diverse and potentially useful resource of crop wild relative endophytes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profundae diversitas: the uncharted genetic diversity in a newly studied group of fungal root endophytes

et al. 2015

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“…Despite the high prevalence of this fungus as an endophyte in wild populations of C. brevicollis, we did not recover it from new ramets produced in the greenhouse by infected mother plants. This led us to suspect that, in spite of its abundance, the colonisation of C. brevicollis by B. nummularia was of a non-systemic type (Sánchez-Márquez et al, 2012). It is interesting that B. nummularia is known for being an endophyte and a pathogen in Fagus sylvatica (Hendry et al, 2002), which is the dominant tree species in the area of study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the well-known Epichloë/Neotyphodium species, most other fungal endophytes are not capable of systemic colonization of plant organs, or seed transmission (Sánchez Márquez et al, 2012). These nonsystemic endophytes are extremely diverse taxonomically, and have been found in all plant taxa analysed, including sedges (Ruotsalainen et al, 2002;Rodriguez et al, 2009;Loro et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-systemic fungal endophytes in Carex brevicollis may influence the toxicity of the sedge to livestock

Canals

Emeterio

Sánchez-Márquez

et al. 2014

Span. j. agric. res.

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The sedge Carex brevicollis is a common component of semi-natural grasslands and forests in temperate mountains of Central and Southern Europe. The consumption of this species causes a severe toxicity to livestock, associated to high plant concentrations of the β-carbolic alkaloid brevicolline. This research was started to ascertain the origin of this toxicity. An exploratory survey of alkaloid content in plants growing in contrasting habitats (grasslands/forests) did not contribute to find a pattern of the variable contents of brevicolline in plants, and led us to address other possibilities, such as a potential role of fungal endophytism. Systemic, vertically-transmitted endophytes producers of herbivore-deterrent alkaloids are known to infect many known forage grasses. We did not detect systemic endophytes in C. brevicollis, but the sedge harboured a rich community of non-systemic fungi. To test experimentally whether non-systemic endophytes influenced the synthesis of the alkaloid, 24 plants were submitted to a fungicide treatment to remove the fungal assemblage, and the offspring ramets were analysed for alkaloid content. Brevicolline was the major β-carbolic alkaloid detected, and the contents were at least five times lower in the new ramets that developed from fungicide-treated plants than in the untreated plants. This result, although not conclusive about the primary source of the alkaloid (a plant or a fungal product) indicates that fungal endophytes may affect the contents of the toxic brevicolline in this sedge.

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“…Other fungi (Basiodiomycota, 'zygomycetes', Glomeromycota) were not isolated in this study. The predominance of ascomycetes appears characteristic of endophytic mycobiota (Keim et al 2014;Sánchez Márquez et al 2012). In our results, members of FSSC and FOSC dominated, which were both represented by 28 isolates out of the total of 76.…”

Section: Diversity Of Root Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal root endophytes of tomato from Kenya and their nematode biocontrol potential

et al. 2016

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The significance of fungal endophytes in African agriculture, particularly Kenya, has not been well investigated. Therefore, the objective of the present work was isolation, multi-gene phylogenetic characterization and biocontrol assessment of endophytic fungi harbored in tomato roots for nematode infection management. A survey was conducted in five different counties along the central and coastal regions of Kenya to determine the culturable endophytic mycobiota. A total of 76 fungal isolates were obtained and characterized into 40 operational taxonomic units based on the analysis of ITS, β-tubulin and tef1α gene sequence data. Among the fungal isolates recovered, the most prevalent species associated with tomato roots were members of the Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani species complexes. Of the three genes utilized for endophyte characterization, tef1α provided the best resolution. A combination of ITS, β-tubulin and tef1α resulted in a better resolution as compared to single gene analysis. Biotests demonstrated the ability of selected non-pathogenic fungal isolates to successfully reduce nematode penetration and subsequent galling as well as reproduction of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Most Trichoderma asperellum and F. oxysporum species complex isolates reduced root-knot nematode egg densities by 35-46 % as compared to the nonfungal control and other isolates. This study provides first insights into the culturable endophytic mycobiota of tomato roots in Kenya and the potential of some isolates for use against the root-knot nematode M. incognita. The data can serve as a framework for fingerprinting potential beneficial endophytic fungal isolates which are optimized for abiotic and biotic environments and are useful in biocontrol strategies -016-1169-9 against nematode pests in Kenyan tomato cultivars. This information would therefore provide an alternative or complementary crop protection component.

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Non-systemic fungal endophytes of grasses

Cited by 129 publications

References 75 publications

Profundae diversitas: the uncharted genetic diversity in a newly studied group of fungal root endophytes

Profundae diversitas: the uncharted genetic diversity in a newly studied group of fungal root endophytes

Non-systemic fungal endophytes in Carex brevicollis may influence the toxicity of the sedge to livestock

Fungal root endophytes of tomato from Kenya and their nematode biocontrol potential

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