Non-synchronous fast frequency reserves in renewable energy integrated power systems: A critical review

Karbouj, Hazem; Rather, Zakir Hussain; Flynn, Damian; Qazi, Hassan W.

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.09.046

Cited by 80 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…with H = H c +H s = H c + j∈F H sj and ∆P a = j∈F ∆P aj reflecting the total inertia and the mechanical power loss due to the SI provision in the system respectively. Note that ∆P a is negative for an under frequency event because of the formulation in (6). Combining (18) and (22) gives:…”

Section: A System Frequency Modeling With Wt Si Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Optimal System Scheduling With Synthetic Inertia Provision From Wind Turbines

Chu

Markovic

Hug

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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The undergoing transition from conventional to converter-interfaced renewable generation leads to significant challenges in maintaining frequency stability due to declining system inertia. In this paper, a novel control framework for Synthetic Inertia (SI) provision from Wind Turbines (WTs) is proposed, which eliminates the secondary frequency dip and allows the dynamics of SI from WTs to be analytically integrated into the system frequency dynamics. Furthermore, analytical system frequency constraints with SI provision from WTs are developed and incorporated into a stochastic system scheduling model, which enables the provision of SI from WTs to be dynamically optimized on a system level. Several case studies are carried out on a Great Britain 2030 power system with different penetration levels of wind generation and inclusion of frequency response requirements in order to assess the performance of the proposed model and analyze the influence of the improved SI control scheme on the potential secondary frequency dip. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of SI provision from WTs into UC can drastically impact the overall system costs.Index Terms-synthetic inertia, frequency response, unit commitment, recovery effect, secondary frequency dip

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Section: A System Frequency Modeling With Wt Si Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Optimal System Scheduling With Synthetic Inertia Provision From Wind Turbines

Chu

Markovic

Hug

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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“…During this solution, the partial derivatives in determine the gradient or sensitivity at that specific operating point. Isolating the partial derivative for the active power of a generator bus in (15), it can be seen that the gradient is determined by the algebraic variables, , , , , state variable , and network impedance .…”

Section: ̇= ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous research articles deal with improving frequency stability by providing active power response from assets such as wind power plants (WPP) as in [9][10][11]. The option of using supplementary frequency control for power electronic interfaced RES is presented in [12,13], and this can be expanded to use battery storage as in [14,15]. There are also studies investigating factors that influence frequency stability such as the influence of the governor control in [16][17][18] or where virtual inertia services should be located as in [19].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Influence of Network Factors on Frequency Stability

Fradley

Preece

Barnes

2020

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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Retaining frequency stability is becoming increasingly challenging as the power system incorporates more non-synchronous generation. Assessing the frequency stability in a system has been predominantly completed by focusing on the quantity of connected synchronous kinetic energy in the system, or inertia. This traditionally was considered a function of generator constructionnetwork factors typically were not considered. The research in this paper investigates how network topology, power flow, droop gain distribution, and inertia distribution all impact frequency stability. A generic four-area model has been created that allows discrete system setups. This research has shown that certain topologies lead to a more severe rate of change of frequency. A key finding is that the frequency drop is further increased when there is greater power flow into the area that experiences the disturbance. The extent to which the rate of change of frequency and frequency drop are influenced differently is emphasized, highlighting the need to procure different services depending on which metric is of primary significance at a specific location.

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“…Вариант построения источников постоянного тока по схеме синхронный генератор -преобразователь переменного тока в постоянный широко распространён в различных областях техники [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Особенно эффективной такая схема оказывается при использовании генераторов с возбуждением от постоянных магнитов, так как при этом удаётся создать бесконтактный компактный источник.…”

Section: постановка задачи исследованияunclassified

Comparative Assessment of Synchronous Generators Windings as a Part of DC Source Connection Schemes

2020

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The article deals with the schemes of DC sources based on a multiphase synchronous generator with excitation from permanent magnets and a rectifier. It evaluates various options for constructing circuits with the number of phases changing from two to ten along with the different generator windings connections, i.e. N-beam star and a closed ring of N sections. It is proved that, ceteris paribus compared to multiphase windings in terms of specific electric losses, windings with a small, i.e. 2 to 4, number of phases are preferable. The advantages of closed multiphase windings compared to open windings in terms of specific electric losses and maintaining output characteristics during single failures. Mathematical models were used to analyze the ripple of the rectifier output voltage for a different number of phases and various schemes of the windings connection, both in the normal mode and with the faulty rectifier diodes. The influence of the inductance of the generator winding on the value of voltage ripples is estimated. The authors make a conclusion that the closed windings are significantly more preferable as far as the rectified voltage ripples are concerned.

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Non-synchronous fast frequency reserves in renewable energy integrated power systems: A critical review

Cited by 80 publications

References 188 publications

Towards Optimal System Scheduling With Synthetic Inertia Provision From Wind Turbines

Towards Optimal System Scheduling With Synthetic Inertia Provision From Wind Turbines

The Influence of Network Factors on Frequency Stability

Comparative Assessment of Synchronous Generators Windings as a Part of DC Source Connection Schemes

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