Non-surgical Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs)

Chouthai, Abhishek A.; Makar, Michael; Sarkar, Avik

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41683-6_39

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The checkpoint inhibitors are drugs of immunotherapy that prevent the binding of immune checkpoints to their partner proteins [12]. This blocking allows T cells to kill cancer cells by preventing the signals from being sent for immunization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune checkpoints inhibitors in cancer therapy-current status and future prospects

Karasu

Acharya

Siddiqui

et al. 2022

ijhs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The field of oncology is revolutionized by immunotherapy. immunotherapy is a fundamental breakthrough in cancer treatment that focuses on boosting the natural defense for malignant cell elimination. Cancer immunotherapy is of different forms including, virus therapies, adoptive cell transfer, cytokine therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and cancer vaccines, all of which have promise future developments and clinical applications. To maintain homeostasis several pathways of immune signaling are employed that inhibit or stimulate immune responses. These immune signaling pathways help to keep immune responses maintained by avoiding autoimmunity and chronic inflammation, these immune signals that regulate immune responses in the body are also known as immune checkpoints. The responses of numerous self-regulating checkpoints of the immune system are exploited by the cancerous cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are becoming the most important immunotherapies, despite the progress of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). ICIs are the antibodies that inhibit the receptors of the immune checkpoint, PD-1/PD-L1, and CTLA-4. It has potential benefits in cancer treatment for long-term survival and antitumor effect production in malignancies of a broad spectrum.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%