Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in Endurance Sports: Balancing Performance and Health Implications - a Literature Review

Abstract

The prevailing practice of using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) in endurance sports, despite the lack of consistent evidence for theirergogenic effects, raises questions about potential benefits beyond painmanagement and the specific adverse consequences they might entail. Contraryto the intended outcomes, NSAIDs have shown mixed effectiveness in alleviatinginflammation during or after exercise, mainly showing harmful consequences inrunning. These contraproductive effects are particularly concerning for thegastrointestinal system.Regarding muscle adaptation, high doses of NSAIDs have been shown to inhibitmuscle growth, while moderate doses have a minor impact. Although theavailable studies on the impact of NSAIDs on human mitochondrial biogenesisare scarce, in vitro experiments suggest potential negative consequences.Furthermore, the presumed benefits of NSAIDs in promoting healing for softtissue, bone injuries, and muscle damage are frequently undermined, potentiallyimpeding the natural recovery process. Concerns regarding bone healingencompass delayed callus maturation, compromised mechanical strength, and anincreased fracture risk due to the inhibition of osteoblasts.In conclusion, endurance athletes are advised to exercise caution whencontemplating the use of NSAIDs without clear indications, as their potentialadverse effects outweigh the limited advantages in terms of performanceenhancement. While short-term NSAID applications may offer transient relief,alternative strategies should be sought for fostering long-term healing andoptimizing performance.Considering these findings, this review aims to provide endurance athletes withinsights spanning injury management, training adaptation, race performance, andrecovery.

Evaluating The Analgesic Activity of Leaf, Stem Bark Extract And Isolated Nutraceuticals of <i>Caesalpinia Bonducella L (Roxb.)</i>

“…[24] The ethanol extracts from both portions were processed using column chromatography to separate and purify the phytochemicals. [25] These compounds were then analyzed and identified using NMR, IR, and LC-MS methods. Two chemicals, bonducellin and caesalpinianone, were isolated and identified.…”