Non-standard Physiological Endpoints to Evaluate the Toxicity of Emerging Contaminants in Aquatic Plants: A Case Study on the Exposure of Lemna minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. to Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP)

Pietrini, Fabrizio; Passatore, Laura; Carloni, Serena; Zacchini, Massimo

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22269-6_4

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Similarly, ChlF-derived endpoints proved to be very sensitive in L. minor in response to Cu toxicity [ 59 ] and also correlated well with changes in fresh weight under bisphenol A exposure [ 60 ]. When the applied toxicants (perfluorooctanoic acid and dimethyl phthalate) did not result in growth inhibition, however, ChlF-based endpoints were also unresponsive [ 33 , 61 ]. Our results thus highlight that ChlF-based endpoints can characterize phytotoxicity with certain limitations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Phytotoxicity of Metallic Elements on Duckweed Lemna gibba L. Using Growth- and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction-Based Endpoints

Irfan,

Mészáros,

Szabó

et al. 2024

Plants

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In this study, we exposed a commonly used duckweed species—Lemna gibba L.—to twelve environmentally relevant metals and metalloids under laboratory conditions. The phytotoxic effects were evaluated in a multi-well-plate-based experimental setup by means of the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging method. This technique allowed the simultaneous measuring of the growth and photosynthetic parameters in the same samples. The inhibition of relative growth rates (based on frond number and area) and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo and Y(II)) were both calculated from the obtained chlorophyll fluorescence images. In the applied test system, growth-inhibition-based phytotoxicity endpoints proved to be more sensitive than chlorophyll-fluorescence-based ones. Frond area growth inhibition was the most responsive parameter with a median EC50 of 1.75 mg L−1, while Fv/Fo, the more responsive chlorophyll-fluorescence-based endpoint, resulted in a 5.34 mg L−1 median EC50 for the tested metals. Ag (EC50 0.005–1.27 mg L−1), Hg (EC50 0.24–4.87 mg L−1) and Cu (EC50 0.37–1.86 mg L−1) were the most toxic elements among the tested ones, while As(V) (EC50 47.15–132.18 mg L−1), Cr(III) (EC50 6.22–19.92 mg L−1), Se(VI) (EC50 1.73–10.39 mg L−1) and Zn (EC50 3.88–350.56 mg L−1) were the least toxic ones. The results highlighted that multi-well-plate-based duckweed phytotoxicity assays may reduce space, time and sample volume requirements compared to the standard duckweed growth inhibition tests. These benefits, however, come with lowered test sensitivity. Our multi-well-plate-based test setup resulted in considerably higher median EC50 (3.21 mg L−1) for frond-number-based growth inhibition than the 0.683 mg L−1 median EC50 derived from corresponding data from the literature with standardized Lemna-tests. Under strong acute phytotoxicity, frond parts with impaired photochemical functionality may become undetectable by chlorophyll fluorometers. Consequently, the plant parts that are still detectable display a virtually higher average photosynthetic performance, leading to an underestimation of phytotoxicity. Nevertheless, multi-well-plate-based duckweed phytotoxicity assays, combined with chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, offer definite advantages in the rapid screening of large sample series or multiple species/clones. As chlorophyll fluorescence images provide information both on the photochemical performance of the test plants and their morphology, a joint analysis of the two endpoint groups is recommended in multi-well-plate-based duckweed phytotoxicity assays to maximize the information gained from the tests.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Phytotoxicity of Metallic Elements on Duckweed Lemna gibba L. Using Growth- and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction-Based Endpoints

Irfan,

Mészáros,

Szabó

et al. 2024

Plants

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“…Carotenoids and anthocyans and flavonols (flavonoids) have also been reported as involved in the plant response to metal stress (Chandra and Kang, 2016;Baskar et al, 2018;Shomali et al, 2022). In this context, it is worth mentioning that pigment content can be effectively evaluated in a non-destructive manner by leaf transmittance and spectral reflectance (Goulas et al, 2004;Croft and Chen, 2017;Pietrini et al, 2023). As a proxy of the photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are commonly utilized for detecting toxic effects caused in leaves by stressors (Moustakas et al, 2021), including metals (Pietrini et al, 2015;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismuth exposure affects morpho-physiological performances and the ionomic profile in garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) plants

Pietrini

Passatore

Carloni

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals has long been considered a relevant threat to ecosystem survival and human health. The use of safer substitutes for the most toxic heavy metals in many industrial applications is discussed as a potential way to face this issue. In this regard, Bi has been proposed for replacing Pb in several production processes. However, few literature records reported on the effects of Bi on living organisms, particularly on plants. In this study, garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) plants were exposed to different concentrations of Bi nitrate added to soil in growth chambers for 21 days. Results evidenced the toxic effect of Bi on shoot growth, regardless of the Bi nitrate concentration in the soil, paralleled by a similar reduction in the chlorophyll and carotenoid content, a decrease in the nitrogen balance index values, and an impairment of the photosynthetic machinery evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence image analysis. The presence of Bi in the soil was shown to affect element accumulation in roots and translocation to shoots, with micronutrient content particularly reduced in the leaves of Bi-treated plants. A dose-dependent plant accumulation of Bi to metal concentration in the soil was observed, even if very low metal bioconcentration ability was highlighted. The reduced Bi translocation from roots to shoots in plants exposed to increasing Bi concentrations in the soil is discussed as a possible defense mechanism likely associated with the observed increase of anthocyan and flavonol contents and the activation of photoprotection mechanisms preventing higher damages to the photosynthetic apparatus.

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Effects of lithium on morpho-physiological and ionomic traits in Cannabis sativa L. microshoots under in vitro conditions

Zacchini,

Gullotta,

D’Onofrio

et al. 2023

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Non-standard Physiological Endpoints to Evaluate the Toxicity of Emerging Contaminants in Aquatic Plants: A Case Study on the Exposure of Lemna minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. to Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP)

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Comparative Phytotoxicity of Metallic Elements on Duckweed Lemna gibba L. Using Growth- and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction-Based Endpoints

Comparative Phytotoxicity of Metallic Elements on Duckweed Lemna gibba L. Using Growth- and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction-Based Endpoints

Bismuth exposure affects morpho-physiological performances and the ionomic profile in garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) plants

Effects of lithium on morpho-physiological and ionomic traits in Cannabis sativa L. microshoots under in vitro conditions

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