Non-specific effects of BCG in protozoal infections: tegumentary leishmaniasis and malaria

Santos, Jéssica Cristina dos; Silva, M. Vilela Teodoro; Ribeiro‐Dias, Fátima; Joosten, Leo A. B.

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2019.06.002

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…22 The presence of a maternal BCG scar is associated with an increased proinflammatory immune response in infants. 35 BCGvaccinated infants have decreased infectious illness unrelated to BCG during the first three months of life if the mother had a history of BCG vaccination. 36 Animal studies have shown conflicting results of BCG modulating atherosclerosis development, [36][37][38] in a mouse hyperlipidemic model, BCG reduces plasma non-HDL cholesterol levels and delays atherosclerotic lesion formation.…”

Section: Heterologous Effects Of Bcg Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG: a vaccine with multiple faces

Yamazaki‐Nakashimada

Unzueta

Gámez-González

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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BCG has been recommended because of its efficacy against disseminated and meningeal tuberculosis. The BCG vaccine has other mechanisms of action besides tuberculosis protection, with immunomodulatory properties that are now being discovered. Reports have shown a significant protective effect against leprosy. Randomized controlled trials suggest that BCG vaccine has beneficial heterologous (nonspecific) effects on mortality in some developing countries. BCG immunotherapy is considered the gold standard adjuvant treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. BCG vaccine has also been tested as treatment for diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Erythema of the BCG site is recognized as a clinical clue in Kawasaki disease. BCG administration in the immunodeficient patient is associated with local BCG disease (BCGitis) or disseminated BCG disease (BCGosis) with fatal consequences. BCG administration has been associated with the development of autoimmunity. We present a brief review of the diverse facets of the vaccine, with the discovery of its new modes of action providing new perspectives on this old, multifaceted and controversial vaccine.

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Section: Heterologous Effects Of Bcg Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG: a vaccine with multiple faces

Yamazaki‐Nakashimada

Unzueta

Gámez-González

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…The paper by Moorlag et al [11] deals with protection against viral infections as nonspecific effects of BCG vaccination. Dos Santos et al [12] review studies showing protection against tegumentary leishmaniasis and malaria by BCG. Messina et al [13] discuss current evidence for vaccineinduced immunomodulation of adaptive immune cells and heterologous adaptive immune responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Heterologous effects of vaccination and trained immunity

Gyssens

Netea

2019

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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EditorialHeterologous effects of vaccination and trained immunity a b s t r a c tVaccines are applied to large populations, but only recently has research into immunologic responses and mechanisms started to increase exponentially. Some live vaccines, such as the tuberculosis vaccine bacillus Calmette-Gu erin, protect against other infections nonspecifically by eliciting complex immune responses which are not specific antibody related. These heterologous effects are explained by the concept of trained immunity. This editorial introduces five narrative reviews offering recent insights on innate and adaptive immune memory towards a variety of pathogens.

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“…These peptides reduce parasitemia in mice infected with the malaria parasite [61]. Another study supported the activity of BCG vaccine against malaria parasites and tegumentary leishmaniasis [62]. Furthermore, BCG vaccines seem to improve NK cells activity in humans [63].…”

Section: Potential Of Trained Immunity To Enhance Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Trained Immunity at a Glance; A Review on the Innate Immune Memory and its Potential Role in Infections, Diseases and New Therapeutic Strategies

Incalcaterra

Domínguez

2020

Adv. J. Grad. Res.

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Despite the existence of two different branches of immunity, innate and adaptive, it has been described that both systems are characterized by the establishment of memory responses. Indeed, it has been shown that cells belonging to the innate immune system can express a so-called “trained” memory, although it has different features from the adaptive immune memory. Adaptive memory is a long-lasting specific memory whereas innate memory involves non-specific responses which enhance the immune response during a second reinfection. However, many aspects of the trained immunity are still unclear. Metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming have been pointed as the two processes responsible for the establishment of the innate memory. Trained immunity seems to be responsible for the heterologous effect of many vaccines such as BCG, thus giving insights for the development of new therapies. Although its potential beneficial role, trained immunity could also have detrimental effects that might worsen the progress of certain diseases. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an in-depth review on the major characteristics of trained immunity, describing the main pathways at the basis of the evolution and establishment of memory in innate cells. In addition, the present review assesses the modern evidence of the impact of trained immunity in health and disease, strengthening the hypotheses that this innate memory may be considered both in the formulation of new therapeutic strategies and in the current therapeutic approaches.

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Non-specific effects of BCG in protozoal infections: tegumentary leishmaniasis and malaria

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

BCG: a vaccine with multiple faces

BCG: a vaccine with multiple faces

Heterologous effects of vaccination and trained immunity

Trained Immunity at a Glance; A Review on the Innate Immune Memory and its Potential Role in Infections, Diseases and New Therapeutic Strategies

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