Non-Smoking Tobacco Affects Endothelial Function in Healthy Men in One of the Largest Health Studies Ever Performed; The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Norway; HUNT3

Skaug, Eli-Anne; Nes, Bjarne M.; Aspenes, Stian Thoresen; Ellingsen, Øyvind

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160205

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Even though these hemodynamic adaptations may reflect sympathetic activation, the evidence regarding endothelial function depression points clearly to other causes rather than a mere autonomic modulation. Endothelial dysfunction is a pathophysiological state in which normal homeostatic properties of the vessels wall are damaged or lost [20] , and consistently with other studies involving either short-term [20][21][22][23][24][25] or long-term smokers [29,30] , our results clearly demonstrated changes in endothelial function as evaluated with the FMD method. It is noteworthy that baseline FMD was significantly lower in AG compared to both the CG and the PG, hence some degree of depression of endothelial function was already present in the smokers, as in Yufu et al [31] , in which 26 young active smokers were compared with 31 young non-smokers, and FMD was shown to be significantly lower in the smoking group, even though no significant difference was found regarding brachialankle PWV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Acute Effects of Smoking on the Arterial Function of Young Healthy Smokers

Pereira

Costa

2019

Journal of Cardiology and Therapy

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BACKGROUND: Several studies have supported the idea that smoking induces changes with direct impact on endothelial function and arterial stiffness. The main purpose of this study was to assess the acute effects of smoking on vascular function in healthy young adults. METHODS: We designed a quasi-experimental study, including ninety participants aged between 18 and 25 years. Participants were divided into three groups: Active exposure group (AG)-30 usual smokers; passive exposure group (PG) and non-exposure control group (CG), each including 30 non-smokers matched for age, gender and overall lifestyle. Heart rate (HR), brachial blood pressure (bBP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid pulse wave analysis (PWA) were evaluated in two moments: baseline and 30 minutes after smoking exposition (AG and PG) or 30 minutes after the first evaluation (CG). RESULTS: Significant changes from baseline were observed only in the AG, with an increase in PWV, from 5.6 ± 0.7 m/s to 6.1 ± 0.2 m/ s post-smoking (p = 0.040), and a decrease in FMD of about-5.7 ± 2.3% after smoking one cigarette (p < 0.001). A significant increase in brachial and central BP was also observed in the AG. A trend for increase in brachial and central BP, and decrease in the FMD was observed in the PG and no significant changes were depicted in the CG. CONCLUSION: Just one cigarette produces significant detrimental acute effects on the vascular endothelium and hemodynamic profile of healthy young short-term smokers. Changes are also observed, although to a lesser extent, in passive smokers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Acute Effects of Smoking on the Arterial Function of Young Healthy Smokers

Pereira

Costa

2019

Journal of Cardiology and Therapy

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“…Nevertheless, 35 years ago, the 1986 Surgeon General's Report on the Health Consequences of Using Smokeless Tobacco 113 evidenced a range of adverse general health outcomes. Since then, further research has extended the adverse general health outcomes [114][115][116] and begun to establish pregnancy-specific adverse findings for the neonates of mothers who use ST. 41,[117][118][119][120] As an outcome of sustained public health education in Australia over the past 20 years, there has been a decline in the self-reported rates of smoking in pregnancy from 19% in 2001 to 9.6% in 2018. 121,122 In parallel, there has been an increase in the use and availability of ST and nicotine products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Australian Aboriginal women's placental and neonatal outcomes following maternal smokeless tobacco, cigarette or no tobacco use

Ratsch

Bogossian

Burmeister

et al. 2022

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objective: To describe the placental characteristics and neonatal outcomes of Central Australian Aboriginal women based on maternal self-report of tobacco use. Methods:Placental and neonatal variables were collected from a prospective maternal cohort of 19 smokeless tobacco chewers, 23 smokers and 31 no-tobacco users.Results: Chewers had the lowest placental weight (460 g) while the no-tobacco group had the heaviest placental weight (565 g). Chewers and the no-tobacco group had placental areas of similar size (285 cm 2 and 288 cm 2 , respectively) while the placentas of smokers were at least 13 cm 2 smaller (272 cm 2 ). There were two stillbirths in the study and more than one-third (36%) of neonates (newborns) were admitted to the Special Care Nursery, with the chewers' neonates having a higher admission rate compared with smokers' neonates (44% vs. 23%). The cohort mean birthweight (3348 g) was not significantly different between the groups. When stratified for elevated maternal glucose, the chewers' neonates had the lowest mean birthweight (2906 g) compared to the neonates of the no-tobacco group (3242 g) and smokers (3398 g). Conclusions:This research is the first to demonstrate that the maternal use of Australian Nicotiana spp. (pituri) as smokeless tobacco may negatively impact placental and neonatal outcomes.Implications for public health: Maternal smokeless tobacco use is a potential source of placental and foetal nicotine exposure. Maternal antenatal screening should be expanded to capture a broader range of tobacco and nicotine products, and appropriate cessation support is required.

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“…However, we know that nicotine has several harmful effects on health 27 ; snus use has been associated with cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, impaired or strained blood circulation, type 2 diabetes, prostate and gastrointestinal cancer, and negative impacts on reproductive health. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] In addition, the severity of leucoplakia lesions in oral mucosa increases with the duration of snus use. 9 Snus is likely to cause strong nicotine addiction, even after shortterm use.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, duration of exposure and predicting factors for snus use among young Finnish men: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveThe health hazards of tobacco products depend on the level of exposure, but little is known about the characteristics of snus use. The aim of this study was to investigate the duration of daily exposure to snus among occasional and daily users and its associated predictive factors among young Finnish men.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire study.SettingThree out of 16 Finnish Defence Forces units.Participants1280 young Finnish male conscripts starting their military service in 2016 chosen by simple random sampling.Primary and secondary measuresThe prevalence, duration of use and the amount of daily usage of snus and cigarettes were investigated. The attitudes towards perceived harmfulness of snus and the predictive factors affecting the total time of snus consumption were examined.ResultsAlmost a fifth (19.5%) of the conscripts reported daily snus use, and a further 16% reported occasional use. Daily snus use was associated with an earlier starting age, longer duration of use and higher daily exposure time compared with occasional use. On average, daily snus users consumed 10 portions and occasional users three portions per day (p<0.001). The daily total exposure time for daily users was 372 min (95% CI 344 to 401) and for occasional users 139 min (95% CI 106 to 171). Respondents with an upper secondary education had significantly less daily total exposure than those with basic comprehensive education (p=0.036). Perceptions of snus as a harmful substance resulted in a significantly lower duration of exposure.ConclusionSnus use was very common among young Finnish men. High snus exposure duration was associated with an earlier starting age, a longer history of use and a careless attitude to its health hazards. A higher education level was a protective factor for total exposure time. Studies of the long-term health effects and dependency profile of snus use are needed.

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Non-Smoking Tobacco Affects Endothelial Function in Healthy Men in One of the Largest Health Studies Ever Performed; The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study in Norway; HUNT3

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Acute Effects of Smoking on the Arterial Function of Young Healthy Smokers

Acute Effects of Smoking on the Arterial Function of Young Healthy Smokers

Central Australian Aboriginal women's placental and neonatal outcomes following maternal smokeless tobacco, cigarette or no tobacco use

Prevalence, duration of exposure and predicting factors for snus use among young Finnish men: a cross-sectional study

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