Non-SMC elements 1 and 3 are required for early embryo and seedling development in Arabidopsis

Li, Gang; Zou, Wenxuan; Jian, Liufang; Qian, Jie; Deng, Yadong; Jie, Zhao

doi:10.1093/jxb/erx016

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…This remained true even after switching the tag positions (N-and C-terminal positions) and extensive optimization (Supplemental Figure 8). Within the NSE1-NSE3-NSE4 subcomplex, we measured positive interactions of both NSE4 paralogs with NSE3 and confirmed (Li et al, 2017) the interaction of NSE1 with NSE3 ( Figure 7A). However, we did not detect interactions between (F) Meristem size estimation.…”

Section: Loss Of Nse4a Function Causes Upregulation Of Dna Damage Repsupporting

confidence: 70%

The SMC5/6 Complex Subunit NSE4A Is Involved in DNA Damage Repair and Seed Development

et al. 2019

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The maintenance of genome integrity over cell divisions is critical for plant development and the correct transmission of genetic information to the progeny. A key factor involved in this process is the STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE OF CHROMOSOME5 (SMC5) and SMC6 (SMC5/6) complex, related to the cohesin and condensin complexes that control sister chromatid alignment and chromosome condensation, respectively. Here, we characterize NON-SMC ELEMENT4 (NSE4) paralogs of the SMC5/6 complex in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). NSE4A is expressed in meristems and accumulates during DNA damage repair. Partial loss-of-function nse4a mutants are viable but hypersensitive to DNA damage induced by zebularine. In addition, nse4a mutants produce abnormal seeds, with noncellularized endosperm and embryos that maximally develop to the heart or torpedo stage. This phenotype resembles the defects in cohesin and condensin mutants and suggests a role for all three SMC complexes in differentiation during seed development. By contrast, NSE4B is expressed in only a few cell types, and loss-of-function mutants do not have any obvious abnormal phenotype. In summary, our study shows that the NSE4A subunit of the SMC5-SMC6 complex is essential for DNA damage repair in somatic tissues and plays a role in plant reproduction.

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Section: Loss Of Nse4a Function Causes Upregulation Of Dna Damage Repsupporting

confidence: 70%

The SMC5/6 Complex Subunit NSE4A Is Involved in DNA Damage Repair and Seed Development

et al. 2019

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“…Afterwards, the cleared ovules were observed and photographed under an Olympus FluoView FV1000 microscope (https://www.olympus-lifescience.com/). Endosperm free nuclei were observed through an ovule autofluorescent method as described (Li et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For flow cytometry analysis, three or more samples were used with each sample containing at least 10 000 nuclei isolated from the primary roots of 5‐DAG seedlings. Isolation of nuclei and flow cytometry analysis were performed with a Beckman flow cytometer according to a reported method (Li et al ., ). The endoreplication index (EI) was calculated using the following equation: EI = (0 × %2C) + (1 × %4C) + (2 × %8C) + (3 × %16C) (Sterken et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To study the mitotic phase of the cell cycle in primary root tips of partially complemented rfc4‐1 /– FDA seedlings, 4ʹ,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining was performed as previously described (Li et al ., ). The samples were observed under an Olympus FluoView FV1000 confocal microscope with a 405‐nm excitation laser.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Arabidopsis replication factor C4 is critical for DNA replication during the mitotic cell cycle

Qian

Chen

et al. 2018

The Plant Journal

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Replication factor C (RFC) is a conserved eukaryotic complex consisting of RFC1/2/3/4/5. It plays important roles in DNA replication and the cell cycle in yeast and fruit fly. However, it is not very clear how RFC subunits function in higher plants, except for the Arabidopsis (At) subunits AtRFC1 and AtRFC3. In this study, we investigated the functions of AtRFC4 and found that loss of function of AtRFC4 led to an early sporophyte lethality that initiated as early as the elongated zygote stage, all defective embryos arrested at the two- to four-cell embryo proper stage, and the endosperm possessed six to eight free nuclei. Complementation of rfc4-1/+ with AtRFC4 expression driven through the embryo-specific DD45pro and ABI3pro or the endosperm-specific FIS2pro could not completely restore the defective embryo or endosperm, whereas a combination of these three promoters in rfc4-1/+ enabled the aborted ovules to develop into viable seeds. This suggests that AtRFC4 functions simultaneously in endosperm and embryo and that the proliferation of endosperm is critical for embryo maturation. Assays of DNA content in rfc4-1/+ verified that DNA replication was disrupted in endosperm and embryo, resulting in blocked mitosis. Moreover, we observed a decreased proportion of late S-phase and M-phase cells in the rfc4-1/- seedlings, suggesting that incomplete DNA replication triggered cell cycle arrest in cells of the root apical meristem. Therefore, we conclude that AtRFC4 is a crucial gene for DNA replication.

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“…A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the 137 genes identified in our integrative eQTL, QTT and GWAS analysis indicated that cell‐cycle‐related processes were enriched among our putative kernel length‐related genes ( P = 2.0E‐4; Figure S3). The top‐ranked kernel‐related transcript (from the QTT analysis) was GRMZM2G099074; the closest homolog (55% identity of protein sequences; E = 3.0E‐118) to this gene in Arabidopsis is embryo defective 1379 ( AtEMB1379 or AtNSE1 , AT5G21140), a gene with established functions in regulating the cell cycle at the G2/M stage and in endo‐reduplication (Li et al ., ). The correlation between the expression of GRMZM2G099074 and kernel length was high (Spearman's ρ = 0.38, P < 3.5E‐12; Figure c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Kernel size‐related genes revealed by an integrated eQTL analysis during early maize kernel development

Pang

Zong

et al. 2019

The Plant Journal

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SummaryIn maize, kernel traits strongly impact overall grain yields, and it is known that sophisticated spatiotemporal programs of gene expression coordinate kernel development, so advancing our knowledge of kernel development can help efforts to improve grain yields. Here, using phenotype, genotype and transcriptomics data of maize kernels at 5 and 15 days after pollination (DAP) for a large association mapping panel, we employed multiple quantitative genetics approaches—genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) as well as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and quantitative trait transcript (QTT) analyses—to gain insights about molecular genetic basis of kernel development in maize. This resulted in the identification of 137 putative kernel length‐related genes at 5 DAP, of which 43 are located in previously reported QTL regions. Strikingly, we identified an eQTL that overlaps the locus encoding a maize homolog of the recently described m6A methylation reader protein ECT2 from Arabidopsis; this putative epieQTL is associated with 53 genes and may represent a master epi‐transcriptomic regulator of kernel development. Notably, among the genes associated with this epieQTL, 10 are for the main storage proteins in the maize endosperm (zeins) and two are known regulators of zein expression or endosperm development (Opaque2 and ZmICE1). Collectively, beyond cataloging and characterizing genomic attributes of a large number of eQTL associated with kernel development in maize, our study highlights how an eQTL approach can bolster the impact of both GWAS and QTT studies and can drive insights about the basic biology of plants.

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Non-SMC elements 1 and 3 are required for early embryo and seedling development in Arabidopsis

Abstract: HighlightAtNSE1 and AtNSE3 are crucial factors for early embryo and seedling development, and mutations of AtNSE1 and AtNSE3 can affect cell division and the DNA repair process.

Cited by 33 publications

References 93 publications

The SMC5/6 Complex Subunit NSE4A Is Involved in DNA Damage Repair and Seed Development

The SMC5/6 Complex Subunit NSE4A Is Involved in DNA Damage Repair and Seed Development

Arabidopsis replication factor C4 is critical for DNA replication during the mitotic cell cycle

Kernel size‐related genes revealed by an integrated eQTL analysis during early maize kernel development

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