Non‐small cell lung cancer in China

Abstract

In China, lung cancer is a primary cancer type with high incidence and mortality. Risk factors for lung cancer include tobacco use, family history, radiation exposure, and the presence of chronic lung diseases. Most early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients miss the optimal timing for treatment due to the lack of clinical presentations. Population‐based nationwide screening programs are of significant help in increasing the early detection and survival rates of NSCLC in China. The understanding of molecular carcinogenesis and the identification of oncogenic drivers dramatically facilitate the development of targeted therapy for NSCLC, thus prolonging survival in patients with positive drivers. In the exploration of immune escape mechanisms, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)/programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitor monotherapy and PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy have become a standard of care for advanced NSCLC in China. In the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology's guidelines for NSCLC, maintenance immunotherapy is recommended for locally advanced NSCLC after chemoradiotherapy. Adjuvant immunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy will be approved for resectable NSCLC. In this review, we summarized recent advances in NSCLC in China in terms of epidemiology, biology, molecular pathology, pathogenesis, screening, diagnosis, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

Natural Compound Allicin Containing Thiosulfinate Moieties as Transmembrane Protein 16A (TMEM16A) Ion Channel Inhibitor for Food Adjuvant Therapy of Lung Cancer

“…It is now confirmed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), coat protein complex I, and Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin proteins interact with TMEM16A to regulate the rapid proliferation and migration of cancer cells jointly . Studies show that TMEM16A regulates cancer cell growth through EGFR/SATA3, Ras–Raf–mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)–extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and other signaling pathways. , In addition, TMEM16A also controls the growth of cancer cells by regulating cell osmotic pressure and membrane potential through transport of intracellular Cl ‑ . , …”

“…Lung cancer has long been the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality . Although lung cancer causes more deaths than breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers combined, the overall lung cancer mortality rate has declined over the past 20 years. , This mainly benefits from the early screening of lung cancer, thoracoscopy surgery, the decline in the number of smokers, and the improvement of molecularly targeted drugs and various adjuvant treatment options . Because of the increasing number of early-stage patients diagnosed by cancer screening, the cure rate of comprehensive treatment methods combining surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and various adjuvant treatments is increasing year by year …”

Targeting immune cell types of tumor microenvironment to overcome resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in lung cancer

“…Lung cancer is the common malignant tumor and displays the highest mortality rate ( Chen P. et al, 2022 ; Choi and Mazzone, 2022 ). Lung cancer had 1.8 million deaths (18% of the total cancer-related deaths) worldwide in 2020 ( Sung et al, 2021 ).…”

High expression of FGFR3 predicts a better prognosis for patients with non-small cell lung cancer in a Chinese population

“…Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide (1). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for >75% of all cases of lung cancer and can be further classified into 3 subtypes; that is, adenocarcinoma (AC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and large cell carcinoma (2)(3)(4)(5). A number of studies have successfully applied molecular-targeted therapeutic agents and d e m o n s t r a t e d t h e i r s u p e r i o r i t y t o c o n v e n t i o n a l chemotherapy in treating NSCLC (6)(7)(8).…”