Non-siliceous Mesostructured and Mesoporous Materials

Schüth, Ferdi

doi:10.1021/cm011030j

Cited by 832 publications

(537 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(190 reference statements)

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“…Confined-space assembly is the growth of a precursor is restricted to the surface, cages, channels and substrates of a hard template (46). Perfectly duplicating topology of the hard template derives the replica.…”

Section: Confined-space Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using ordered mesoporous silica materials as hard templates, a nanocasting process can be carried out to obtain replicated mesostructures constructed by nanorod, nanowire or nanotube arrays (46). The most fascinating success is the replication of mesoporous carbon materials (75).…”

Section: Confined-space Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main driving force of a precursor entering into a hard template comes from the capillary force (46). However, the interaction of the inorganic precursor with the mesopore surface is also a fundamental point.…”

Section: ) Improving the Interaction Between Template And Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mesoporous molecular sieves with open framework structures and mesoporous replicas constructed by nanowire arrays, etc. The former is normally prepared via surfactant self-assembly, and the latter is fabricated by confined-space assembly or nanocasting based on a hard-template approach, as shown in Figure 1 (46,47). Surfactant self-assembly is a construction of atoms, ions, molecules and/or nanoclusters into ordered arrays and patterns by weak non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces and electrovalent bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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General Synthesis of Ordered Nonsiliceous Mesoporous Materials

Wan

Yang

Zhao

2008

ACS Symposium Series

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The design of ordered nonsiliceous mesoporous materials is illustrated based on the surfactant assembly and confinedspace growth. These materials include mesoporous metal oxides, polymers, and carbons with open framework structures, and single-crystal metal, metal oxide and carbon nanoarrays with replicated mesostructures. A generalized "acid-base pair" concept, which self-adjusts the acidity and homogeneity of the inorganic precursor, is proposed to prepare highly ordered mesoporous metal oxides, phosphates and borates, as well as mixed metal oxides and phosphates, with diverse structures. Mesoscopically ordered polymer frameworks with uniformly large pore sizes are derived from the self-assembly from organic templates and organic precursors. Heating these materials transforms them to homologous carbon frameworks. Microwave digested method is an efficient way to enhance the adsorption property of hard silica templates in fabricating ordered nonsiliceous single-crystal nanoarrays. The coordination of organic surfactants with metal ions is also a method to increase the interaction between hard templates and precursors. A one-step impregnation process is used to fabricate ordered silica monoliths with various metal oxide nanocrystals. Improving the interactions between the precursors themselves plays an essential role in replicating ordered mesoporous CdS, SiC and graphitized carbons. Preliminary applications in bone-forming materials, biosensors and electrodes are presented as well.

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Section: Confined-space Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confined-space Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Improving the Interaction Between Template And Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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General Synthesis of Ordered Nonsiliceous Mesoporous Materials

Wan

Yang

Zhao

2008

ACS Symposium Series

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“…Since the pioneering work by Attard and co-workers [1], [2], ordered mesoporous metals prepared by supramolecular assembly of surfactants as structure-directing agents have attracted interest in applications where solid/gas and solid/liquid interface plays an important role, in particular, catalysis and electrochemistry [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Precise control in the pore structure, such as pore size, wall thickness, and pore connection, of such ordered mesoporous materials should allow high rates of mass transport, an essential aspect for many applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of ordered mesoporous ruthenium by lyotropic liquid crystals and its electrochemical conversion to mesoporous ruthenium oxide with high surface area

Sugimoto

Makino

Mukai

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

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In ordered to prepare high capacitance pseudo-capacitive oxides, it is important to design nanostructures with appreciable mesopores. Supramolecular templating has become a popular method to synthesize ordered mesoporous metals; however, the application of the same technique to synthesis of high surface area oxides is more demanding. We present here, the synthesis of ordered mesoporous ruthenium metal by lyotropic liquid crystal templating and its electrochemical conversion to ordered mesoporous ruthenium oxide by a simple, room temperature procedure. The bulk, unsupported metallic ordered mesoporous ruthenium exhibits high surface area of 110 m 2 g -1 , which is comparable to typical supported Ru nanoparticles. The oxide analogue gives a high specific capacitance of 376 F g -1 , owing to the porous structure. These results demonstrate a possible facile and generic process to synthesize oxides with ordered nanostructures by utilization of the various phases that can be obtained with lyotropic liquid crystalline templates such as cubic, hexagonal, lamellar, etc. comparable to state-of-the-art, supported ruthenium nanoparticles.► Ordered mesoporous ruthenium was electrochemically converted to its oxide analogue, with high specific capacitance.

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Phosphates: Solid‐State Chemistry

Attfield

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Phosphates contain oxyanions of phosphorus(V). The most common anion is the orthophosphate group PO 4 3− , which is found in many solid phosphates including hydrated and acid phosphate salts. Oligomeric polyphosphate chains P n O 3 n +1 ( n +2)− up to n = 6 and cyclophosphate rings P n O 3 n n − up to n = 12 are also observed, and a unique cage ultraphosphate anion P 8 O 23 6− is found in the Na 3 FeP 8 O 23 structure. Polymeric phosphate anions include the infinite chain catenaphosphate anion (PO 3 − ) ∞ and the ultraphosphate networks found in CaP 4 O 11 and the lanthanide MP 5 O 14 structures. Many compound anions and neutral frameworks such as silicophosphates, aluminophosphates, and molybdenum phosphates also exist. Phosphate species are characterized through PO stretching and bending vibrations in infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and by 31 P NMR. Phosphate structures are generally rigid, resistant to chemical attack, and (when anhydrous) insoluble and thermally stable. Some phosphate crystals have important physical properties such as ferrolectricity in KH 2 PO 4 (potassium dihydrogenphosphate, KDP). Diffusion of extra‐framework ions leads to potential uses of solid phosphates as ion exchangers and conductors, for example, NASICON based on NaZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , and as cathode materials for lithium batteries. Vanadium phosphates are important selective oxidation catalysts. Large pore phosphates in which molecules can be adsorbed and undergo acid‐catalyzed reactions have been intensively studied. These materials are crystalline microporous solids such as aluminophosphates, or lamellar structures, typically based on α‐Zr(HPO 4 ) 2 ·H 2 O that can be pillared. This area of interest has led to the synthesis of many new organically templated metal phosphates in recent years, usually through hydrothermal reactions. Hydrated and acid orthophosphates can also be prepared in solution, and anhydrous phosphates are synthesized by direct high‐temperature reactions and from phosphate‐rich melts or fluxes. Slow cooling of melts is used to grow crystals, and quenching can result in many stable phosphate glasses. Phosphate anions do not absorb significantly in the UV‐visible region and so solid phosphates can also find use as optical materials such as phosphors, nonlinear crystals, for example, KTiOPO 4 , and lasers. Solid phosphates constitute many minerals, notably Apatites which are also found in living organisms as rigid components such as bones and teeth. Synthetic calcium phosphate biomaterials are used for bone implants.

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Non-siliceous Mesostructured and Mesoporous Materials

Cited by 832 publications

References 108 publications

General Synthesis of Ordered Nonsiliceous Mesoporous Materials

General Synthesis of Ordered Nonsiliceous Mesoporous Materials

Synthesis of ordered mesoporous ruthenium by lyotropic liquid crystals and its electrochemical conversion to mesoporous ruthenium oxide with high surface area

Phosphates: Solid‐State Chemistry

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