Non-rhinovirus enteroviruses associated with respiratory infections in Peru (2005-2010)

Abstract

BackgroundEnteroviruses (EVs) are a common cause of respiratory tract infections and are classified into seven species (EVA-D and rhinoviruses [RHVs] A-C) with more than 200 different serotypes. Little is known about the role of non-RHV EVs in respiratory infections in South America. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of non-RHV EVs detected in patients with influenza-like illness enrolled in a passive surveillance network in Peru.MethodsThroat swabs and epidemiological data were collected from participants after obtaining verbal consent. Viral isolation was performed in cell culture and identified by immunofluorescence assay. Serotype identification of EV isolates was performed using commercial monoclonal antibodies. Identification of non-serotypeable isolations was carried out by reverse transcriptase-PCR, followed by sequencing.ResultsBetween 2005 and 2010, 24,239 samples were analyzed, and 9,973 (41.1%) possessed at least one respiratory virus. EVs were found in 175 samples (0.7%). Our results revealed a clear predominance of EVB species, 90.9% (159/175). No EVDs were isolated. The mean and median ages of EV-positive subjects were 9.1 and 4.0 years, respectively, much younger than the population sampled, 17.6 and 12.0 years. Sixteen serotypes were identified, four EVA, 11 EVB, and one EVC species. The most common serotypes were coxsackievirus B1, coxsackievirus B2, coxsackievirus B5, and coxsackievirus B3.ConclusionThis study provides data about the serotypes of EVs circulating in Peru and sets the need for further studies.

Metagenomics Study of Viral Pathogens in Undiagnosed Respiratory Specimens and Identification of Human Enteroviruses at a Thailand Hospital

“…The majority (52/84) of viruses identified in the present study were enteroviruses, especially EV-B viruses, indicating the possible high prevalence of enterovirus among respiratory infections as suggested in a study of non-rhinovirus enteroviruses in Peru28 and in a review of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 29. Our study produced a large set of genome sequences which contain complete coding sequences for EV-A71-B5 and EV-B of diverse genotypes in Thailand, whereas most previous genome studies in Asia focused on HFMD pathogen EV-A71 21,30.…”

Molecular epidemiology of coxsackievirus A16 strains from four sentinel surveillance sites in Peru

“…As a result of previous passive, clinic-based surveillance activities throughout Peru, 10 seven CVA16 isolates reported between 2005 and 2010 were collected and identified. 8 Table 1 presents the demographic and clinical information for these seven CVA16 strains. Four of the isolates were collected in 2009.…”

“…Isolation and identification were performed and reported by the team using cell culture, immunofluorescence, and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). 8 Full-length VP1 and VP4 sequences of the seven CVA16 strains were amplified by RT-PCR using the primers and cycle conditions as described previously. 7,9 Genetic diversity was analyzed using complete sequences of both the VP1 and VP4 genes.…”

A Pneumonia Case Associated with Type 2 Polio Vaccine Strains

“…A search of the database revealed that OPVs spread through the nasopharynx which is detected by serum neutralization from patients with acute respiratory infections. [5] Notably, an epidemiological investigation found that an infant had similar respiratory clinical symptoms after each dose of tOPV. Thus, these reports, along with the case in this study, support the causal relationship between the Type 2 polio vaccine and pneumonia.…”