Non random distribution of child undernutrition in Ethiopia: spatial analysis from the 2011 Ethiopia demographic and health survey

Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw; Ahmed, Ahmed Ali; Yalew, Alemayehu Worku; Birhanu, Belay Simanie

doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0480-z

Cited by 33 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The town has a longitude of 382,667 (3816′0.120″ E) and latitude of 63,167 (619′ 0.012″ N) with altitude of 1776. The dominant ethnic group in the area is Gedeo and most of the people speak Gedeo-Offa language [31]. The town has two sub-divisions.…”

Section: Study Design and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such high rates of unintended pregnancy and its possible series repercussion justify a study of their negative consequences on child nutrition and growth, especially when considering that adverse nutritional outcomes in a child are more likely to occur if the pregnancy was unintended. In addition, the study area is one of the areas with the highest burden of malnutrition [31] and very poor family planning utilization in the country [32]. This study hypothesized that high number of unintended pregnancies that could be resulted from poor family planning in the study area might be contributed for such significant burden of under-five malnutrition Therefore, the study was designed to assess the association of unintended pregnancies and other family and child characteristics with the nutritional status of children, particularly with regard to stunting among children under 5 years old.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of undernutrition among children under-five years old in southern Ethiopia: does pregnancy intention matter? A community-based unmatched case-control study

et al. 2020

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Background: Stunting, which describes a small height for one's age, is an indicator of chronic malnutrition. It develops mainly as a result of prolonged food deprivation or a chronic disease or illness. Unintended pregnancies and unplanned births are among the psychological factors that negatively affect the nutritional status of children. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of unintended pregnancies and other family and child characteristics on the nutritional status of children under 5 years old. Methods: A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 302 children (151 cases and 151 controls) 6-59 months old in Wonago town, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. The cases were stunted children and the controls were non-stunted children in the study area. The cases were randomly selected from among the stunted children, and the controls were randomly selected from among the non-stunted children. The descriptive characteristics of the respondents were compared using the chi-squared test, and a multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the effects of an unintended pregnancy on stunting, after controlling for the other variables, with a p value of 0.05. Results: The result revealed that unintended pregnancy is found to be among predictors of stunting where children from unintended pregnancy were about three times more likely to be stunted [AOR: 2.62, CI: (1.26, 5.45)]. The other predictors identified in this study were educational status of the father, wealth index of the household and daily meal frequency. From the finding, children from illiterate fathers [AOR: 3.43, CI: (1.04, 11.29)], children from poorer household economic status [AOR: 2.32, CI: (1.20, 4.49)] and children whom their daily meal frequency is below the recommended number of feeding [AOR: 4.50, CI: (1.31, 15.49)] were found to be more stunted. (Continued on next page)Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the children born from unintended pregnancies exhibited a significantly higher risk of stunting. Therefore, preventing unintended pregnancy could play a great role in decreasing the risk of stunting in children.

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Section: Study Design and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of undernutrition among children under-five years old in southern Ethiopia: does pregnancy intention matter? A community-based unmatched case-control study

et al. 2020

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“…The challenges for improving child health are more pronounced in the resource-limited countries with chronic fiscal deficits, high dependence on foreign donors and low-performing agriculture sector. Poor agricultural resources with chronic water and energy crisis generally result in higher dependency on imported food and inflation in consumer prices, with diminishing food security among the poor households 13 43–47. The burden of stunting gets further compounded by the fast-changing demography, labour market and sociocultural environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does economic growth reduce childhood stunting? A multicountry analysis of 89 Demographic and Health Surveys in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2020

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BackgroundThere is mixed evidence and lack of consensus on the impact of economic development on stunting, and likewise there is a dearth of empirical studies on this relationship in the case of sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, this paper examines whether economic growth is associated with childhood stunting in low-income and middle-income sub-Saharan African countries.MethodsWe analysed data from 89 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 1987 and 2016 available as of October 2018 using multivariable multilevel logistic regression models to show the association between gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and stunting. We adjusted the models for child’s age, survey year, child’s sex, birth order and country random effect, and presented adjusted and unadjusted ORs.ResultsWe included data from 490 526 children. We found that the prevalence of stunting decreased with increasing GDP per capita (correlation coefficient=−0.606, p<0.0001). In the unadjusted model for full sample, for every US$1000 increase in GDP per capita, the odds of stunting decreased by 23% (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.78). The magnitude of the association between GDP per capita and stunting was stronger among children in the richest quintile. After adjustment was made, the association was not significant among children from the poorest quintile. However, the magnitude of the association was more pronounced among children from low-income countries, such that, in the model adjusted for child’s age, survey year, child’s sex, birth order and country random effect, the association between GDP per capita and stunting remained statistically significant; for every US$1000 increase in GDP per capita, the odds of stunting decreased by 12% (OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.90).ConclusionThere was no significant association between economic growth and child nutritional status. The prevalence of stunting decreased with increasing GDP per capita. This was more pronounced among children from the richest quintile. The magnitude of the association was higher among children from low-income countries, suggesting that households in the poorest quintile were typically the least likely to benefit from economic gains. The findings could serve as a building block needed to modify current policy as per child nutrition-related programmes in Africa.

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“…Some previous studies have shown that child undernutrition clusters in specific regions in developing countries (Fenn, Morris, & Frost, 2004;Gebreyesus, Mariam, Woldehanna, & Lindtjorn, 2016) and different types of spatial analysis studies have been conducted to identify geographical inequalities in child stunting (Fenn et al, 2004, Gebreyesus et al, 2016, Adekanmbi, Uthman, & Mudasiru, 2013, Alemu, Ahmed, Yalew, & Birhanu, 2016. However, much less has been done on explaining the factors that contribute to spatial variability in stunting (Di Cesare et al, 2015;Haile, Azage, Mola, & Rainey, 2016;Sharaf & Rashad, 2016;Srinivasan, Zanello, & Shankar, 2013), particularly in India.…”

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confidence: 99%

Understanding the geographical burden of stunting in India: A regression‐decomposition analysis of district‐level data from 2015–16

Menon

Headey

Avula

et al. 2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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India accounts for approximately one third of the world's total population of stunted preschoolers. Addressing global undernutrition, therefore, requires an understanding of the determinants of stunting across India's diverse states and districts. We created a district‐level aggregate data set from the recently released 2015–2016 National and Family Health Survey, which covered 601,509 households in 640 districts. We used mapping and descriptive analyses to understand spatial differences in distribution of stunting. We then used population‐weighted regressions to identify stunting determinants and regression‐based decompositions to explain differences between high‐ and low‐stunting districts across India. Stunting prevalence is high (38.4%) and varies considerably across districts (range: 12.4% to 65.1%), with 239 of the 640 districts have stunting levels above 40% and 202 have prevalence of 30–40%. High‐stunting districts are heavily clustered in the north and centre of the country. Differences in stunting prevalence between low and high burden districts were explained by differences in women's low body mass index (19% of the difference), education (12%), children's adequate diet (9%), assets (7%), open defecation (7%), age at marriage (7%), antenatal care (6%), and household size (5%). The decomposition models explained 71% of the observed difference in stunting prevalence. Our findings emphasize the variability in stunting across India, reinforce the multifactorial determinants of stunting, and highlight that interdistrict differences in stunting are strongly explained by a multitude of economic, health, hygiene, and demographic factors. A nationwide focus for stunting prevention is required, while addressing critical determinants district‐by‐district to reduce inequalities and prevalence of childhood stunting.

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Non random distribution of child undernutrition in Ethiopia: spatial analysis from the 2011 Ethiopia demographic and health survey

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Determinants of undernutrition among children under-five years old in southern Ethiopia: does pregnancy intention matter? A community-based unmatched case-control study

Determinants of undernutrition among children under-five years old in southern Ethiopia: does pregnancy intention matter? A community-based unmatched case-control study

Does economic growth reduce childhood stunting? A multicountry analysis of 89 Demographic and Health Surveys in sub-Saharan Africa

Understanding the geographical burden of stunting in India: A regression‐decomposition analysis of district‐level data from 2015–16

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