Non-rain deposition significantly modifies rain samples at a coastal site

Influence of the ITCZ on H2O2 in near surface waters in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean

“…During M55 clean marine rain was collected using poly‐propylene funnels (28 cm diameter) and low density polyethylene bottles which had been cleaned for major ion sampling [ Losno et al , 1998]. These were mounted on a support on the pile deck above the bridge, as far as possible from any overhanging parts of the ship's superstructure.…”

A model for tropospheric multiphase chemistry: application to one cloudy event during the CIME experiment

“…Usually, the measurements provide integrated results over several 10 minutes especially in cloud water (see for examples : Richards, 1995;Jaeschke et al, 1998;Collett et al, 1990) and do not provide detailed time-resolved information about the scavenging process. Sometimes, only rainwater concentrations are available and cloud water composition is not at all documented (Kieber et al, 1999;Losno et al, 1998). Recent continuous measurements done with a CVI (counter#ow virtual impactor) (Noone et al, 1988) introduce biases due to its principle of separating cloud phases.…”

Assessing the Impact of Locally Produced Aerosol on the Rainwater Composition at the Gosan Background Site in East Asia

“…However, a careful assessment of the local influence is a prerequisite, particularly at a windy site like Gosan Station, since wind conditions can locally generate aerosols and transport them to the monitoring site. For example, wind-driven production and transport of local aerosols produced rainwater composition that varied with sampling height at an urban site in India (Kulshrestha et al, 2005) and caused meter-scale spatial heterogeneity of rainwater composition at a coastal site in Ireland (Losno et al, 1998). These observations demonstrate the introduction of local aerosols by wind, their heterogeneous dispersion in the atmosphere and their spatially uneven deposition on the surface.…”