Non-POU Domain-Containing Octamer-Binding Protein Negatively Regulates HIV-1 Infection in CD4⁺T Cells

Abstract

HIV-1 interacts with numerous cellular proteins during viral replication. Identifying such host proteins and characterizing their roles in HIV-1 infection can deepen our understanding of the dynamic interplay between host and pathogen. We previously identified non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NonO or p54nrb) as one of host factors associated with catalytically active preintegration complexes (PIC) of HIV-1 in infected CD41 T cells. NonO is involved in nuclear processes including transcriptional regulation and RNA splicing. Although NonO has been identified as an HIV-1 interactant in several recent studies, its role in HIV-1 replication has not been characterized. We investigated the effect of NonO on the HIV-1 life cycle in CD4 1

NONO Detects the Nuclear HIV Capsid to Promote cGAS-Mediated Innate Immune Activation

“…We pro-pose that NONO is required for the presence of cGAS in the nucleus, and that the chromatin state limits cGAS activation by self DNA; upon nuclear entry of HIV-2, the viral capsid is recognized by NONO, leading to recruitment of HIV-2 DNA in the vicinity of cGAS ( Figure 7H). NONO was previously detected within protein complexes associated with HIV complexes or HIV-related host factors, but the nature and significance of these associations remained unresolved (Milev et al, 2012;St Gelais et al, 2015). NONO is a multifunctional RNAand DNA-binding protein scaffold implicated in transcription, splicing, DNA damage response, circadian rhythm, and neuronal development (Knott et al, 2016a).…”

SAMHD1-mediated HIV-1 restriction in cells does not involve ribonuclease activity

“…RNA samples without reverse transcription were used as negative controls. The levels of HIV-1 late reverse transcription products in infected U937 cells were quantified by SYBR-green based pPCR analysis using primers (5′-GACATAGCAGGAACTA CTAGTACCC-3′ and 5′-GGTCCTTGTCTTATGTCCAGAATGC-3′) and methods previously described 12,24 . Briefly, genomic DNA (50 ng) from HIV-1 infected U937 cells were used as input for the detection of late reverse transcription products.…”

N6-Methyladenosine–binding proteins suppress HIV-1 infectivity and viral production

“…Our previous study showed that Y1-3 proteins inhibit accumulation of HIV-1 late RT products in infected cells (15); however, it is unclear whether Y1-3 proteins affect HIV-1 early RT efficiency. To address this question, HeLa/Y1-3 cells or HeLa/vector control cells infected by HIV-1-Luc/VSV-G were collected at 6, 12, and 24 hpi for quantification of HIV-1 early and late RT products by quantitative PCR (qPCR), as reported previously (18). At each time point, the levels of both early and late RT products were significantly lower in HeLa/Y1-3 cells compared with vector control cells (Fig.…”