Non‐Polar Lipid Components of Human Cerumen

Stránský, Karel; Valterová, Irena; Kofroňová, Edita; Urbanová, Klára; Zarevúcká, Marie; Wimmer, Zdeněk

doi:10.1007/s11745-011-3564-y

Cited by 17 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Qualitatively, VOCs were similar across the two ethnic groups with volatile C 2 –C 6 organic acids consistently observed. Ketones (e.g., 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one, trans-geranylacetone) were also detected and may originate from the oxidation of squalene [27–29], a dominant component of cerumen [20–23]. Most volatile acids, alcohols and aldehydes found in skin secretions originate from interactions between non-odorous sebaceous gland secretions and cutaneous bacteria [30, 31].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many studies have focused on the chemistry of human axillary odorants, to date, there are no data regarding the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with human cerumen. The composition of cerumen has been assessed by several techniques (e.g., gas-chromatography [GC], gas chromatography–mass spectrometry [GC/MS], high performance liquid chromatography, and thin layer chromatography), which have revealed long-chain fatty acids, alcohols, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and squalene as the major components [14–23]. Herein, we provide the first analysis of the nature and relative abundance of VOCs present in cerumen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of volatile organic compounds in human cerumen

Prokop-Prigge

Thaler

Wysocki

et al. 2014

Journal of Chromatography B

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We report here the initial examination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from human earwax (cerumen). Recent studies link a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette, sub-family C, member 11 gene (ABCC11) to the production of different types of axillary odorants and cerumen. ABCC11 encodes an ATP-driven efflux pump protein that plays an important function in ceruminous apocrine glands of the auditory canal and the secretion of axillary odor precursors. The type of cerumen and underarm odor produced by East Asians differ markedly from that produced by non-Asians. In this initial report we find that both groups emit many of the same VOCs but differ significantly in the amounts produced. The principal odorants are volatile organic C2-to-C6 acids. The physical appearance of cerumen from the two groups also matches previously reported ethnic differences, viz., cerumen from East Asians appears dry and white while that from non-Asians is typically wet and yellowish-brown.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of volatile organic compounds in human cerumen

Prokop-Prigge

Thaler

Wysocki

et al. 2014

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Squalene has been found in other human and animal fluids, such as saliva, the lipid composition of which resembles that of the skin, meibum, eyelid lipids, and cerumen, and in synovial fluid it plays an important role in accelerating oxidation in irradiated and melted ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene under in vitro accelerated aging conditions . Variations in squalene have been found in the rat clitoral gland throughout the reproductive cycle, which has been proposed to be a female‐specific chemosignal to attract males …”

Section: Squalene In Other Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Insights into the Biological Action of Squalene

Lou-Bonafonte

Martínez‐Beamonte

Sanclemente

et al. 2018

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

115

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Squalene is a triterpenic compound found in a large number of plants and other sources with a long tradition of research since it was first reported in 1926. Herein a systematic review of studies concerning squalene published in the last 8 years is presented. These studies have provided further support for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic properties in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, an antineoplastic effect in nutrigenetic-type treatments, which depends on the failing metabolic pathway of tumors, has also been reported. The bioavailability of squalene in cell cultures, animal models, and in humans has been well established, and further progress has been made in regard to the intracellular transport of this lipophilic molecule. Squalene accumulates in the liver and decreases hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides, with these actions being exerted via a complex network of changes in gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Its presence in different biological fluids has also been studied. The combination of squalene with other bioactive compounds has been shown to enhance its pleiotropic properties and might lead to the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals to control oxidative stress and, therefore, numerous age-related diseases in human and veterinary medicine.

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“…Mu and Hoy resolved TAG of rat lymph with RP‐APCI‐MS in accordance to the formed ammonium adducts and DAG + fragments 140. Recently, Stransky et al identified 200 TAG species of human cerumen with RP‐APCI‐MS 141. The limitation of RP‐APCI‐MS, that acylglycerols differing only in the position of DBs in individual FA cannot be resolved 28, can be overcome by silver‐ion LC.…”

Section: Lc‐msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of acylglycerols from biological samples with chromatography‐based methods

Hellmuth¹,

Uhl²,

Segura³

et al. 2011

J of Separation Science

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Lipids are the most diverse class of metabolites in mammalian physiology and dysregulation of lipid metabolism is linked to various diseases. Alterations in acylglycerols, a major class of lipids in plasma and adipose tissue, are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, determination of acylglycerols is important to depict and unravel cellular mechanisms related to pathological outcomes, and specific molecular species of acylglycerols might be promising biomarker candidates. The variety of acylglycerols can be characterized in different ways. Enzymatic assays enable the determination of total tri- or diacylglycerols showing a possible relation to diseases, but they do not allow clarification of molecular mechanism. While gas chromatography can provide an overview of the fatty acid composition of total or separated lipids, a very detailed description of the individual molecular acylglycerol species is possible via liquid chromatography, particularly when combined with mass spectrometry. This review describes the determination of acylglycerols considering recent developments, with a focus on mammalian serum/plasma and tissue.

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Non‐Polar Lipid Components of Human Cerumen

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

Identification of volatile organic compounds in human cerumen

Identification of volatile organic compounds in human cerumen

Current Insights into the Biological Action of Squalene

Determination of acylglycerols from biological samples with chromatography‐based methods

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