Non-pharmacological treatments for COVID-19: current status and consensus

Pereira, Adriano Alves; Andrade, Adriano de Oliveira; Palis, Angélica de Andrade; Cabral, Ariana Moura; Barreto, Cassiana Gabriela Lima; Souza, Daniel Baldoíno de; Silva, Fernanda de Paula; Santos, Fernando Pasquini; Silva, Gabriella Lelis; Guimarães, José Flávio Viana; Araújo, Laureane Almeida Santiago de; Nóbrega, Lígia Reis; Mendes, Luanne Cardoso; Brandão, Mariana; Milagre, Selma Terezinha; Gonçalves, Verônica de Lima; Morales, Victor Hugo de Freitas; Lima, Viviane da Conceição

doi:10.1007/s42600-020-00116-1

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Spike protein can activate the cells via the interaction with the toll-like receptors (TLRs) resulting in the pro-inflammatory cytokines production ( 14 , 15 ). Currently, no effective therapy is available for the management of long-COVID symptoms, while only common drugs have been prescribed for supportive therapies ( 16 ). Therefore, our attention has been drawn to the search for novel plant and active compounds with potential preventive therapeutic effects that could reduce lung inflammation and relieve long-COVID symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luteolin-rich fraction from Perilla frutescens seed meal inhibits spike glycoprotein S1 of SARS-CoV-2-induced NLRP3 inflammasome lung cell inflammation via regulation of JAK1/STAT3 pathway: A potential anti-inflammatory compound against inflammation-induced long-COVID

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveThe multi-systemic inflammation as a result of COVID-19 can persevere long after the initial symptoms of the illness have subsided. These effects are referred to as Long-COVID. Our research focused on the contribution of the Spike protein S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 (Spike S1) on the lung inflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome machinery and the cytokine releases, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1beta, and IL-18, in lung epithelial cells. This study has attempted to identify the naturally- occurring agents that act against inflammation-related long-COVID. The seed meal of Perilla frutescens (P. frutescens), which contains two major dietary polyphenols (rosmarinic acid and luteolin), has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammation activities. Therefore, we have established the ethyl acetate fraction of P. frutescens seed meal (PFEA) and determined its anti-inflammatory effects on Spike S1 exposure in A549 lung cells.MethodsPFEA was established using solvent-partitioned extraction. Rosmarinic acid (Ra) and luteolin (Lu) in PFEA were identified using the HPLC technique. The inhibitory effects of PFEA and its active compounds against Spike S1-induced inflammatory response in A549 cells were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA. The mechanistic study of anti-inflammatory properties of PFEA and Lu were determined using western blot technique.ResultsPFEA was found to contain Ra (388.70 ± 11.12 mg/g extract) and Lu (248.82 ± 12.34 mg/g extract) as its major polyphenols. Accordingly, A549 lung cells were pre-treated with PFEA (12.5-100 μg/mL) and its two major compounds (2.5-20 μg/mL) prior to the Spike S1 exposure at 100 ng/mL. PFEA dose-dependently exhibited anti-inflammatory properties upon Spike S1-exposed A549 cells through IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, and NLRP3 gene suppressions, as well as IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18 cytokine releases with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Importantly, Lu possesses superior anti-inflammatory properties when compared with Ra (p < 0.01). Mechanistically, PFEA and Lu effectively attenuated a Spike S1-induced inflammatory response through downregulation of the JAK1/STAT3-inflammasome-dependent inflammatory pathway as evidenced by the downregulation of NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved-caspase-1 of the NLRP3 inflammasome components and by modulating the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3 proteins (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe findings suggested that luteolin and PFEA can modulate the signaling cascades that regulate Spike S1-induced lung inflammation during the incidence of Long-COVID. Consequently, luteolin and P. frutescens may be introduced as potential candidates in the preventive therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luteolin-rich fraction from Perilla frutescens seed meal inhibits spike glycoprotein S1 of SARS-CoV-2-induced NLRP3 inflammasome lung cell inflammation via regulation of JAK1/STAT3 pathway: A potential anti-inflammatory compound against inflammation-induced long-COVID

et al. 2023

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“…The physical, mental, psychological and economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in a humanitarian crisis of unprecedented levels. Several non-pharmacological interventions have been implemented to break the chain of community transmission 1 ; however, these preventive methods are not sustainable for a long time. COVID-19 vaccination is now the most crucial preventive measure towards control of the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%