Non-pharmacological pain management practice and barriers among nurses working in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or resembling that actual or potential tissue damage. Different study findings show that about 55% to 78.6% of inpatients experience moderate-to-severe pain. Nurses are one of the health professional who may hear of pain suffered by the patients and who can manage patient suffering by themselves. Therefore, their correct skill is very important in non- pharmacology and pharmacology pain management methods. Objective To assess non-pharmacological pain management practice and barriers among nurses working in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods Data were collected using structured observational check list with interviewer administered questionnaires that measure nurses’ practice on non-pharmacological pain management. Data were entered using Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS (Stastical Package for Social Sciences) version 23. Bivariable and multivariable analysis were conducted to examine the association between independent and outcome variables. Results A total of 169 nurses participated in the study, with a response rate of 100%. Among the study participants 94 (55.6%) were females, and the mean age of nurses were 34.9(SD = 5.7) years. Only 44(26%) of nurses had good practice on non- pharmacology pain management methods. About 130(77.55%), 125(74.0%), and 123(72.8%) of nurses reported that inadequate cooperation of physicians, multiple responsibilities of nurses and insufficient number of nurses per patient ratio as barriers for practice of non -pharmacology pain management respectively. Conclusion Majority of nurses didn’t apply non-pharmacological pain management practices for their patients in pain and the overall practice level of nurses was very poor. The major identified obstacle factors for the poor practice of non–pharmacological pain management methods were nurses’ fatigue, inadequate cooperation of physicians, heavy workload, multiple responsibilities of nurses, and insufficient number of nurses per patient ratio and unfavorable attitude of nurse on non-pharmacology pain management. Even if nurses experiences different challenges, they shall use non‐pharmacological pain management methods complementary to pharmacological treatment of pain as they are low cost and safe. And also boosting nurse’s attitude towards the effect of non–pharmacological pain management methods is crucial.

Knowledge and Practice of Nurses towards Non-Pharmacological Pain Management Methods and Associated Factors at West Arsi Zone Public Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross-Sectional Institution Based Study

“…Those nurses who have a history of training were1.976 (AOR = 1.976, 95%CI = 1.233-3.168) more likely to have good practice than those who have not. This is in line with the study done in Saudi Arabia(20), turkey(29), and north-central Ethiopia, Debre tabor comprehensive hospital(23). This could be because training nurses with updated information and knowledge about non-pharmacological pain management could have helped them to have good practice of non-pharmacological pain management.…”

“…Regarding nurse's practice, this study revealed that 53.8%) of nurses had good practice with a mean score of 30.66(± 5.73SD). This gure is high as compared to the study done in Egypt among nurses at Zagazi university hospitals 32.70% (24) and Debre tabor comprehensives hospital 26% (23). This may be due to scoring, differences in sample size, and variation in the source of information.…”

“…This study nding is nearly similar to the study conducted in Nigeria 68% (21). But it is higher when compared with the studies done at Iran 43.13% (22), Zimbabwe 48.6% (10), Benishangul hospitals 51.2% (18), and Debra tabor comprehensive specialized hospital 53.3% (23). The possible justi cation might be due to differences in the source of information, and differences in the instrument used.…”

Music-induced analgesia for adults and older adults during femoral arterial sheath removal after cardiac catheterization: a randomized clinical trial protocol

“…It is up to the nurse to assist in pain management throughout the nursing process, using to assess pain, pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies and the control of patient responses. Thus, the implementation of non-pharmacological strategies is considered as complementary, helping to relax, improve sleep patterns and relieve pain [ 10 ]. Thus, nursing has used Integrative and Complementary Practices in Health (ICPS) as a new method of patient care for pain relief, namely: acupuncture, aromatherapy, cryotherapy, phytotherapy, hydrotherapy, homeopathy, massage, meditation, music therapy, reiki and therapeutic touch [ 11 ].…”

Nurses’ Knowledge and Practicing Level of Cognitive Behavioral Pain Relief Methods in Public Hospitals of Eastern Ethiopia

“…A similar study done in Saud Arabia also showed that 65% of nurses practiced one of the CBT ( Ali et al, 2013 ). Regarding studies done in Ethiopia, a study done in Debre Tabor showed that 26% of nurses practiced nonpharmacologic pain management including CBT ( Zeleke et al, 2021 ).…”