Non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 reduced the incidence of infectious diseases: a controlled interrupted time-series study

Zhang, Wenyi; Wu, Yao; Wen, Bo; Zhang, Yongming; Wang, Yong; Yin, Wenwu; Sun, Shuangwen; Wei, Xianyu; Sun, Haoran; Zhang, Zhijie; Li, Shanshan; Guo, Yuming

doi:10.1186/s40249-023-01066-3

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) has played a significant role in reducing hospital utilization for respiratory tract infections ( 4 , 6 – 7 ). In this study, we conducted an analysis of major respiratory pathogens detected in our laboratory over a seven-year period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Respiratory Infectious Pathogens in Children Under the Age of 14 — Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China, 2017–2023

Cao,

Pan,

Yang

et al. 2024

China CDC Weekly

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What is already known about this topic? Respiratory infections pose a significant burden on public health. Despite recent outbreaks occurring in various locations, there is limited information available on the prevalence trends of multiple common respiratory pathogens in China beyond 2022. What is added by this report? A retrospective analysis was conducted on respiratory pathogen infections in a Xiamen hospital over a seven-year period. The analysis revealed fluctuating trends, with the number of infections for certain viruses initially decreasing after 2019, only to rebound to previous or higher levels. Recently, there has been an observed collective increase in positive cases for certain pathogens. What are the implications for public health practice? The study improves understanding of respiratory pathogens, primarily in Xiamen, with potential implications for the improvement of strategies for the prevention and management of respiratory infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Respiratory Infectious Pathogens in Children Under the Age of 14 — Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China, 2017–2023

Cao,

Pan,

Yang

et al. 2024

China CDC Weekly

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“…The influenza‐positive percentage was calculated using the following equation: influenza‐positive percentage = influenza‐positive specimens/tested respiratory specimens × 100%. Second, the weekly estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in influenza‐positive percentage with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the surveillance year were calculated using the observed influenza‐positive percentages in the same surveillance week between 2010/2011 and 2018/2019 seasons in China after excluding the 2019/2020 season with increased ILI outbreaks and strict NPIs adopted for COVID‐19 outbreak at the end of this season 23–25 . The EAPC is a summary and widely used measure of infectious disease rates over a specified time interval 26 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change from low to out‐of‐season epidemics of influenza in China during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A time series study

Cao

Guo

Liu

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Nonpharmaceutical interventions to limit the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic might reduce the transmission of influenza viruses and disrupt the typical seasonality of influenza. However, changes in epidemiology and seasonal patterns of influenza remain unknown in China during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data on influenza‐like illness (ILI) and influenza cases between surveillance Week 14 in 2010 and Week 6 in 2023 and ILI outbreaks between Week 14 in 2013 and Week 6 in 2023 were collected from the weekly reports of the Chinese National Influenza Center. A total of 32 10 735 ILI specimens were tested between Week 14 in 2010 and Week 6 in 2023 in China, with 12.4% of specimens positive for influenza. The influenza‐positive percentage ranged from 11.8% to 21.1% in southern China and 9.5% to 19.5% in northern China between the 2010/2011 and 2019/2020 influenza seasons. The influenza‐positive percentage was 0.7% in southern China and 0.2% in northern China in the 2020/2021 season. An increasing trend in influenza‐positive percentage was observed in southern China in Weeks 18–27 in the 2022/2023 season, with a peak of 37.3%. A total of 768 ILI outbreaks reported in southern China in Weeks 14–26 in the 2022/2023 season were much more than those in the same period in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons. In summary, seasonal influenza shifted from low to out‐of‐season epidemics during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China, especially in southern China. Influenza vaccination and everyday preventive actions, such as mask wearing, appropriate air exchange, and good hand hygiene practices, are essential for the prevention of influenza virus infection during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

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“…Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, countries have conducted strategies for viral control; one of the most significant was the non-pharmaceutical interventions consisting of city lockdowns, physical distancing, use of personal protective equipment, and individual hygiene practices ( 3 ). For instance, there has been a decrease in reported cases of the syncytial virus, Influenza A and B virus, parainfluenza virus 1–3, adenovirus, and human metapneumovirus from 2011 to 2022 ( 4 , 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond SARS-CoV-2: epidemiological surveillance of respiratory viruses in Jalisco, Mexico

Pedroza-Uribe,

Vega Magaña,

Muñoz-Valle

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionRespiratory viral infections represent a significant global health burden. Historically, influenza, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus have been the prevalent viruses; however, the landscape shifted with the widespread emergence of SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study is to present a comprehensive epidemiological analysis of viral respiratory infections in Jalisco, Mexico.MethodsData encompassing individuals with flu-like symptoms from July 2021 to February 2023 was scrutinized for viral diagnosis through PCR multiplex. The effect of social mobility on the increase in respiratory viral diagnosis infection was considered to estimate its impact. Additionally, sequences of respiratory viruses stored in public databases were retrieved to ascertain the phylogenetic classification of previously reported viruses in Mexico.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 was the most detected virus (n = 5,703; 92.2%), followed by influenza (n = 479; 7.78%). These viruses were also found as the most common co-infection (n = 11; 50%), and for those with influenza, a higher incidence of severe disease was reported (n = 122; 90.4%; p < 0.001). Regarding comorbidities and unhealthy habits, smoking was found to be a risk factor for influenza infection but a protective factor for SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 2.62; IC 95%: 1.66–4.13; OR = 0.65; IC 95%: 0.45–0.94), respectively. Furthermore, our findings revealed a direct correlation between mobility and the prevalence of influenza infection (0.214; p < 0.001).DiscussionThe study presents evidence of respiratory virus reemergence and prevalence during the social reactivation, facilitating future preventive measures.

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Non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 reduced the incidence of infectious diseases: a controlled interrupted time-series study

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Trends in Respiratory Infectious Pathogens in Children Under the Age of 14 — Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China, 2017–2023

Trends in Respiratory Infectious Pathogens in Children Under the Age of 14 — Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China, 2017–2023

Change from low to out‐of‐season epidemics of influenza in China during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A time series study

Beyond SARS-CoV-2: epidemiological surveillance of respiratory viruses in Jalisco, Mexico

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