Non-parathyroid hypercalcemia associated with paraffin oil injection in 12 younger male bodybuilders: a case series

Sølling, Anne Sophie; Tougaard, Birgitte Godskesen; Harsløf, Torben; Langdahl, Bente; Brockstedt, H.; Byg, Keld-Erik; Ivarsen, Per; Ystrøm, Ina Karstoft; Mose, Frank Holden; Isaksson, Gustaf Lissel; Hansen, Morten Steen; Nagarajah, Subagini; Ejersted, Charlotte; Bendstrup, Elisabeth; Rejnmark, Lars

doi:10.1530/eje-18-0051

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As was found in patient 15, the granulomatous oil containing reaction can act as a slowly releasing reservoir for the lipid soluble vitamins for months and possibly years [36]. While the injection of high-dose veterinary vitamin compounds does not seem to have any role in Western bodybuilding, some European bodybuilders inject paraffin oils around muscles for their contouring effect, a practice that is also seen in some cosmetic surgeries [37,38]. The oils elicit a granulomatous reaction that is associated with hypercalcemia as a result of the local synthesis of active vitamin D [36,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of bodybuilding supplements on the kidney: A population-based incidence study of biopsy pathology and clinical characteristics among middle eastern men

et al. 2020

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Background: The incidence of kidney diseases among bodybuilders is unknown. Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2019, the Iraqi Kurdistan 15 to 39 year old male population averaged 1,100,000 with approximately 56,000 total participants and 25,000 regular participants (those training more than 1 year). Annual age specific incidence rates (ASIR) with (95% confidence intervals) per 100,000 bodybuilders were compared with the general age-matched male population. Results: Fifteen male participants had kidney biopsies. Among regular participants, diagnoses were: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 2; membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), 2; post-infectious glomeruonephritis (PIGN), 1; tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), 1; and nephrocalcinosis, 2. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was diagnosed in 5 regular participants and 2 participants training less than 1 year. Among regular participants, anabolic steroid use was selfreported in 26% and veterinary grade vitamin D injections in 2.6%. ASIR for FSGS, MGN, PIGN, and TIN among regular participants was not statistically different than the general population. ASIR of FSGS adjusted for anabolic steroid use was 3.4 (− 1.3 to 8.1), a rate overlapping with FSGS in the general population at 2.0 (1.2 to 2.8). ATN presented as exertional muscle injury with myoglobinuria among new participants. Nevertheless, ASIR for ATN among total participants at 1.4 (0.4 to 2.4) was not significantly different than for the general population at 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5). Nephrocalcinosis was only diagnosed among bodybuilders at a 9-year cumulative rate of one per 314 vitamin D injectors. Conclusions: Kidney disease rates among bodybuilders were not significantly different than for the general population, except for nephrocalcinosis that was caused by injections of veterinary grade vitamin D compounds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of bodybuilding supplements on the kidney: A population-based incidence study of biopsy pathology and clinical characteristics among middle eastern men

et al. 2020

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Section: One Difficulty Of Making a Comparison Between Most Bodybuildmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…While the injection of high-dose veterinary vitamin compounds does not seem to have any role in Western bodybuilding, some European bodybuilders inject paraffin oils around muscles for their contouring effect, a practice that is also seen in some cosmetic surgeries [37,38]. The oils elicit a granulomatous reaction that is associated with hypercalcemia as a result of the local synthesis of active vitamin D [36,37]. Renal failure that is corrected when calcium and vitamin D levels are lowered is reported in many of these patients [4,36,37].…”

Section: One Difficulty Of Making a Comparison Between Most Bodybuildmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Bodybuilding Supplements on the Kidney: A Population-Based Incidence Study of Biopsy Pathology and Clinical Characteristics among Middle Eastern Men

Ali

Almukhtar

Sharif

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The incidence of kidney diseases among bodybuilders is unknown. Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2019, the Iraqi Kurdistan 15 to 39 year old male population averaged 1,100,000 with approximately 56,000 total participants and 25,000 regular participants (those training more than one year). Annual age specific incidence rates (ASIR) with (95% confidence intervals) per 100,000 bodybuilders were compared with the general age-matched male population. Results: Fifteen male participants had kidney biopsies. Among regular participants, diagnoses were: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 2; membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), 2; post-infectious glomeruonephritis (PIGN), 1; tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), 1; and nephrocalcinosis , 2. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was diagnosed in 5 regular participants and 2 participants training less than one year. Among regular participants, anabolic steroid use was self-reported in 26% and veterinary grade vitamin D injections in 2.6%. ASIR for FSGS, MGN, PIGN, and TIN among regular participants was not statistically different than the general population. ASIR of FSGS adjusted for anabolic steroid use was 3.4 (-1.3 to 8.1), a rate overlapping with FSGS in the general population at 2.0 (1.2 to 2.8). ATN presented as exertional muscle injury with myoglobinuria among new participants. Nevertheless, ASIR for ATN among total participants at 1.4 (0.4 to 2.4) was not significantly different than for the general population at 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5). Nephrocalcinosis was only diagnosed among bodybuilders at a 9-year cumulative rate of one per 314 vitamin D injectors. Conclusions: Kidney disease rates among bodybuilders were not significantly different than for the general population, except for nephrocalcinosis that was caused by injections of veterinary grade vitamin D compounds.

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“…Wax is not a food additive and it is difficult to be broken down by enzymes in human body. Therefore, when wax is consumed, it can harm human's digestive function and cause health problems (Griffis et al, 2010;Derudi et al, 2014;Sølling et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative Analysis Method of Detection of Wax Content in Gorengan Using Smartphone

Yulia

Wasito

Fatoni

2018

J.Pharm.Sci.Community

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Wax is one of the compounds that can be misused to be added to Gorengan, Indonesian fritter, to keep them crispy. Gorengan containing wax is difficult to identify visually, so a quick and easy method of detecting wax content is required. The purpose of this research is to develop and evaluate the analytical performance of detecting wax content in gorengan using smartphone. Gorengan sample was dissolved with hexane and then added reagent that will give discoloration followed by analysis using smartphone. Some analysis performance parameters were evaluated in terms of linearity and detection limit, qualitative analysis capability, precision, and selectivity test. The developed method was also applied in some gorengan samples. The result shows that the detection of wax content in gorengan can be conducted by using reagent consisting of NaOH, Schift, and curcumin (1 : 2 : 2). Performance analysis shows that the linearity measurement at concentration between 10% and 25% has correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9537 with detection limit at concentration of 2% and precision (%RSD) less than 3%. The developed method can be applied for the detection of wax content in gorengan in the market. ABSTRAKLilin merupakan salah satu bahan yang dapat disalahgunakan untuk ditambahkan pada gorengan agar tetap renyah. Gorengan yang mengandung lilin sulit untuk diidentifikasi secara visual, sehingga diperlukan metode deteksi kandungan lilin yang cepat dan mudah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan dan menguji kinerja metode analisis kandungan lilin dalam gorengan secara kolorimetri menggunakan smartphone. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan gorengan sebagai objek penelitian. Gorengan dilarutkan dengan heksan dan kemudian ditambahkan reagen yang akan memberikan perubahan warna yang selanjutnya dapat dianalisa menggunakan aplikasi smartphone. Beberapa parameter kinerja analisis dievalusi meliputi uji linearitas dan batas deteksi, uji kemampuan analisis secara kualitatif, uji presisi, serta uji selektifitas. Metode yang dikembangkan juga diaplikasikan untuk mendeteksi kandungan lilin pada beberapa sampel gorengan yang dijual di masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa deteksi kandungan lilin dalam gorengan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan reagen yang terdiri dari NaOH, Schift, dan kurkumin (1 : 2 : 2). Kinerja analisis metode yang dikembangkan menunjukkan bahwa linearitas pengukuran pada konsentrasi lilin 10% hingga 25% memiliki nilai koefisien korelasi (r) 0,9537 dengan nilai batas deteksi 2% Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas, 2018, 15(1), 7-15 8 Yulia et al. dengan nilai presisi (%RSD) kurang dari 3%. Metode yang dikembangkan dapat diaplikasikan untuk deteksi kandungan lilin pada sampel gorengan di pasaran.

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Non-parathyroid hypercalcemia associated with paraffin oil injection in 12 younger male bodybuilders: a case series

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of bodybuilding supplements on the kidney: A population-based incidence study of biopsy pathology and clinical characteristics among middle eastern men

Effects of bodybuilding supplements on the kidney: A population-based incidence study of biopsy pathology and clinical characteristics among middle eastern men

Effects of Bodybuilding Supplements on the Kidney: A Population-Based Incidence Study of Biopsy Pathology and Clinical Characteristics among Middle Eastern Men

Qualitative Analysis Method of Detection of Wax Content in Gorengan Using Smartphone

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