Non‐oxidative hair dye products on the European market: What do they contain?

Hedberg, Yolanda; Uter, Wolfgang; Banerjee, P.; Lind, Marie-Louise; Steengaard, Sanne Skovvang; Teo, Ying; Lidén, Carola

doi:10.1111/cod.13074

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The chemical ingredients of hair dyes vary among formulations that involve oxidative reactions to achieve coloring and those using nonoxidative processes. 2 Temporary and semipermanent hair dyes typically rely on nonoxidative processes, while permanent hair dyes rely on oxidative reactions ( Table 1 ). Temporary hair dyes are composed of water-soluble acidic and basic dyes bearing azo or anthraquinone groups; they are generally regarded as more benign because they are deposited on the hair surface and do not penetrate into the hair cortex.…”

Section: Hair Dye Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing

Michailidou

Gahlon

Zeng

2022

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Given the worldwide popularity of hair dyeing, there is an urgent need to understand the toxicities and risks associated with exposure to chemicals found in hair dye formulations. Hair dyes are categorized as oxidative and nonoxidative in terms of their chemical composition and ingredients. For several decades, the expert panel’s Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) has assessed the safety of many of the chemicals used in hair dyes; however, a comprehensive review of hair dye ingredients and the risk of exposure to hair dyeing has not been documented. Herein, we review the safety of the various chemicals in oxidative and nonoxidative hair dyes, toxicities associated with hair dyeing, and the carcinogenic risks related to hair dyeing. While many compounds are considered safe for users at the concentrations in hair dyes, there are conflicting data about a large number of hair dye formulations. The CIR expert panel has ratified a number of coloring ingredients for hair dyes and banned a series of chemicals as carcinogenic to animals and unsafe for this application. The use of these chemicals as raw materials for producing hair dyes may result in the synthesis of other contaminants with potential toxicities and increased risk of carcinogenesis. It is an open question whether personal or occupational hair dyeing increases the risk of cancer; however, in specific subpopulations, a positive association between hair dye use and cancer occurrence has been reported. To address this question, a better understanding of the chemical and mechanistic basis of the reported toxicities of hair dye mixtures and individual hair dye ingredients is needed. It is anticipated that in-depth chemical and systems toxicology studies harnessing modern and emerging techniques can shed light on this public health concern in the future.

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Section: Hair Dye Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing

Michailidou

Gahlon

Zeng

2022

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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“…Die reaktiven Chemikalien in oxidativen Haarfärbemitteln sind als wichtige Allergene bekannt, während das toxikologische Profil im Hinblick auf das Sensibilisierungsrisiko von nicht-oxidativen Färbemittelkomponenten weniger gut untersucht ist [256]. Eine Studie mit 4.314 Personen, die auf p-Phenylendiamin (PPD) 1 % pet.…”

Section: Ergebnisseunclassified

Kontaktallergien – Neu aufkommende Allergene und Auswirkungen für das Gesundheitswesen

Uter¹,

Werfel

Lepoittevin

et al. 2021

Kompass Dermatol

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Kontaktallergie (Sensibilisierung) und daraus resultierende allergische Kontaktdermatitis (ACD) sind von erheblicher Tragweite aus Sicht des Gesundheitswesens. Für die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit hierzu wurden alle passenden Artikel aus dem Zeitraum 2018–2019 per systematischer Suche in Medline und Web of Science<sup>TM</sup> ermittelt; außerdem wurden alle verfügbaren Ausgaben der Fachzeitschriften „Contact Dermatitis“ und „Dermatitis“ manuell durchsucht und so eine frühere, ähnliche Übersichtsarbeit fortgeschrieben und neu fokussiert. Neue Allergene ebenso wie bekannte Allergene, die in neuem Expositionskontext gefunden wurden oder deren Bedeutung in sonstiger Hinsicht neu bewertet wurde, werden in Abschnitten nach Substanzklasse gegliedert beschrieben (z. B. Metalle, Konservierungsmittel, Duftstoffe). Als gemeinsames Ergebnis zahlreicher Untersuchungen fällt sowohl ein Mangel an Informationen über die Produktzusammensetzung auf, z. B. in Bezug auf ein neu beschriebenes Allergen in Leinenturnschuhen (Dimethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazolsulfid), als auch vor allem die mangelnde Kooperativität von Herstellern von Blutzuckermessgeräten bzw. Insulinpumpen. Zu den letztgenannten Geräten hat eine internationale Zusammenarbeit zwischen Dermatologen und Chemikern gezeigt, dass sie bei zahlreichen Diabetikern schwere ACD verursachen, indem sie Isobornylacrylat bzw. N,N’-Dimethylacrylamid freisetzen. Eine verbesserte und vollständige Deklaration der Inhaltsstoffe für Produkte alle Art – und nicht nur, wie wir es derzeit in Europa haben, bei Kosmetika (abgesehen von der vollständigen Auflistung der Duftstoffe) – muss auf die legislative Agenda gesetzt werden.

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“…The reactive chemicals in oxidative hair dyes are important allergens, while the toxicological profile in terms of sensitisation hazard of non-oxidative dye components is less well investigated [256].…”

Section: Clothing Leather and Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Allergy—Emerging Allergens and Public Health Impact

Uter

Werfel

Lepoittevin

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Contact allergy (sensitisation) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) resulting from it have a considerable public health impact. For the present review, all pertinent articles were systematically searched via Medline and Web of Science™; additionally, all available issues of the journals “Contact Dermatitis” and “Dermatitis” were manually searched, covering the years 2018–2019, thereby extending and re-focusing a previous similar review. New allergens, or previously described allergens found in a new exposure context or of other current importance, are described in sections according to substance classes, e.g., metals, preservatives, fragrances. As a common finding in many investigations, a lack of information on product composition has been noted, for instance, regarding a newly described allergen in canvas shoes (dimethylthiocarbamylbenzothiazole sulfide) and, most notably, absence of co-operation from manufacturers of glucose-monitoring devices and insulin pumps, respectively. These latter devices have been shown to cause severe ACD in a considerable number of diabetic patients caused by the liberation of isobornyl acrylate and N,N’-dimethylacrylamide, respectively, as demonstrated by an international collaboration between dermatologists and chemists. Improved and complete ingredient labelling for all types of products, and not just as we have with cosmetics at present (apart from full listing of fragrance substances) in Europe, must be put on the legislative agenda.

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Non‐oxidative hair dye products on the European market: What do they contain?

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing

Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing

Kontaktallergien – Neu aufkommende Allergene und Auswirkungen für das Gesundheitswesen

Contact Allergy—Emerging Allergens and Public Health Impact

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