Non-noble metal catalyst for a future Pt free PEMFC

Tasić, Gvozden S.; Miljanić, Šćepan S.; Kaninski, Milica P. Marčeta; Saponjic, Djordje; Nikolić, Vladimir M.

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2009.09.003

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The first, commonly referred to as partial reduction, involves a process with the formation of two electrons resulting in the production of adsorbed hydrogen peroxide. The full reduction follows the more efficient pathway of the four electrons, which does not involve the production of H 2 O 2 [54] [55] [56]. Due to the improved full reduction efficiency as well as the relatively high reactivity of hydrogen peroxide compared to water stability, full reduction is the path sought when choosing a catalyst for ORR.…”

Section: The Role Of Nanomaterials In Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereafter, the reaction with the protons from hydrogen oxidation takes place, resulting in the formation of H 2 O 2 , the molecule of which is adsorbed on the catalyst. The reaction product in the form of hydrogen peroxide may then be further reduced to produce two molecules of water, or it may simply dissociate, giving a free molecule of H 2 O 2 [56].…”

Section: The Role Of Nanomaterials In Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanomaterials in Low-Temperatures Fuel Cells—The Latest Reports

Włodarczyk¹

2019

MSA

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Nanotechnology is a field of research with objects up to 100 nm in size. Nanomaterials belong to a wide area in the field of material engineering. These include nanolayers, nanoslabs, nanopores, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanoparticles and quantum dots. Nanostructures are characterized by special properties due to their nanometric dimensions. The natural properties of nanostructures allow their wide application in various industries. The paper presents an overview of the application and significance of nanostructures in fuel cell technology, with particular emphasis on nanocatalysts. The article includes the classification of nanomaterials, new hybrid nanostructures, types of surface modification, division by area of application, with particular emphasis on nanomaterials in the advanced energy system. The design and operation of fuel cells and the role of nanoparticles have been described taking into account existing solutions to reduce generator costs. The high price of low temperature fuel cells depends on the number of nanoparticles used. The article describes the risk associated with using products at the nano scale. Higher concentrations of these extremely active materials can be dangerous and can cause ecological problems and harm natural ecosystems.Problems occur during the storage of hydrogen, because, as a small-molecule gas, it diffuses easily through metals. The most efficient use of hydrogen is possible in fuel cells [1] [2]. In this type of generators, electricity is produced as a result of electrochemical, flameless hydrogen oxidation at the negative electrode and oxygen reduction at the positive electrode. The huge interest in hydrogen fuel cell technology has led to the creation of various types of hydrogen cells taking into account the materials used for electrodes, the type of electrolyte and catalyst, power range, operating temperature, types of reactions occurring on the electrodes, the method of cell utilization.In low-temperature fuel cells, the speed of processes is supported by nanomaterials (platinum, ruthenium, silver and zirconium nanoparticles). Carbon nanomaterials are also used to build fuel cell components: carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes and others [3] [4]. In the first prototypes of low-temperature fuel cells, the amount of platinum used was about 28 mg•cm −2 . In the 1990s, the amount of catalyst in the electrode structures was reduced to 0.3 -0.4 mg•cm −2 .Currently, the fragmentation of the catalyst particles (4 nm and less) is deposited on the expanded surface of the carbon powder with a grain diameter of approx. 40 nm and a specific surface area > 75 m 2 •g −1 . This paper presents an overview of possibilities of using nanomaterials in technologies of hydrogen conversion to electric current and heat. The production of hydrogen on a large scale, where nanomaterials are also used as catalysts and energy carriers, is extremely important from the point of view of the distribution of fuel cells. Currently, also hydrogen storage materials are first of all nanomaterials with the ...

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Section: The Role Of Nanomaterials In Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Nanomaterials In Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials in Low-Temperatures Fuel Cells—The Latest Reports

Włodarczyk¹

2019

MSA

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“…Fortunately, palladium (Pd) is an attractive alternative due to the lower cost and similar properties compared to Pt (same group in periodic table, same fcc crystal structure, similar atomic size). More importantly, Pd is one of the most active catalysts for both HOR and ORR with the exception of Pt45678. Thus it can be a good substitute for Pt as catalyst in fuel cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Performance Palladium Supported on Nanoporous Carbon under Anhydrous Condition

Yang

Ying

Zhang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Due to the high cost of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), replacing platinum (Pt) with some inexpensive metal was carried out. Here, we deposited palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) on nanoporous carbon (NC) after wrapping by poly[2,2′-(2,6-pyridine)-5,5′-bibenzimidazole] (PyPBI) doped with phosphoric acid (PA) and the Pd-NPs size was successfully controlled by varying the weight ratio between Pd precursor and carbon support doped with PA. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabricated from the optimized electrocatalyst with 0.05 mgPd cm−2 for both anode and cathode sides showed a power density of 76 mW cm−2 under 120 °C without any humidification, which was comparable to the commercial CB/Pt, 89 mW cm−2 with 0.45 mgPt cm−2 loaded in both anode and cathode. Meanwhile, the power density of hybrid MEA with 0.45 mgPt cm−2 in cathode and 0.05 mgPd cm−2 in anode reached 188 mW cm−2. The high performance of the Pt-free electrocatalyst was attributed to the porous structure enhancing the gas diffusion and the PyPBI-PA facilitating the proton conductivity in catalyst layer. Meanwhile, the durability of Pd electrocatalyst was enhanced by coating with acidic polymer. The newly fabricated Pt-free electrocatalyst is extremely promising for reducing the cost in the high-temperature PEFCs.

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“…The major limiting factor for their large scale application is their high cost, mainly due to the costly platinum used to catalyze the electrochemical reactions of the fuel cell. 1 Today, two different lines of research seek to overcome this problem, the first targeting reducing the platinum content in fuel cell catalysts by improving its distribution throughout the electrode, while the second seeks to circumvent the use of platinum or other noble metals altogether. This second approach has seen major progress in the development of cathode catalysts in recent years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially, carbon-based materials containing nitrogen and iron and/or cobalt have shown encouraging results in catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and a number of different approaches to synthesize such catalysts have been published recently. 1,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Although apparently compositionally related, these different synthesis approaches cause differences in structures and properties of the materials prepared. Some behave rather similar to conventional carbon-black supported noble metal catalysts and can therefore be applied in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in similar ways 13,14 or by small adjustments of conventional MEA preparation procedures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optimization of fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies for transition metal ion-chelating ordered mesoporous carbon cathode catalysts

2014

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Transition metal ion-chelating ordered mesoporous carbon (TM-OMC) materials were recently shown to be efficient polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) catalysts. The structure and properties of these catalysts are largely different from conventional catalyst materials, thus rendering membrane electrode assembly (MEA) preparation parameters developed for conventional catalysts not useful for applications of TM-OMC catalysts. This necessitates development of a methodology to incorporate TM-OMC catalysts in the MEA. Here, an efficient method for MEA preparation using TM-OMC catalyst materials for PEMFC is developed including effects of catalyst/ionomer loading and catalyst/ionomer-mixing and application procedures. An optimized protocol for MEA preparation using TM-OMC catalysts is described.

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Non-noble metal catalyst for a future Pt free PEMFC

Cited by 38 publications

References 6 publications

Nanomaterials in Low-Temperatures Fuel Cells—The Latest Reports

Nanomaterials in Low-Temperatures Fuel Cells—The Latest Reports

High Performance Palladium Supported on Nanoporous Carbon under Anhydrous Condition

Optimization of fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies for transition metal ion-chelating ordered mesoporous carbon cathode catalysts

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