Non-native species change the tune of tundra soils: Novel access to soundscapes of the Arctic earthworm invasion

Keen, Sara; Wackett, Adrian; Willenbring, Jane; Yoo, Kyungsoo; Jonsson, Hanna; Clow, Travis; Klaminder, Jonatan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155976

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…This could partially explain the higher acoustic complexity detected in restored plots. For instance, earthworms form burrows through the soil as they seek carbon‐rich areas, creating preferential networking pathways for plant root growth, water flow and gas transport (Lacoste et al 2018), all of which contribute to the soil soundscape (Gagliano et al 2017; Del Stabile et al 2022; Keen et al 2022). In the future, it would be prudent to take a more robust approach to invertebrate counting, such as using the Berlese method (Sabu & Shiju 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was based on the assumption that the increased signals from biological activity in restored plots would outweigh low‐frequency noise, with potential effects also from the attenuation properties of the system (Tashakor & Chamani 2021; Sangermano 2022), that is, the energy loss of sound propagation in a given medium. It could also be that greater earthworm activity changes soil characteristics (making them more air permeable) to allow better propagation of higher‐frequency sounds, thereby increasing NDSI scores (Keen et al 2022). Understanding the factors that affect this biophony‐to‐anthrophony ratio in a restoration context warrants further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sound of restored soil: using ecoacoustics to measure soil biodiversity in a temperate forest restoration context

Robinson

Breed

Abrahams

2023

Restoration Ecology

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Forest restoration requires monitoring to assess above‐ and belowground communities, which is challenging due to practical and resource limitations. Ecological acoustic survey methods––also known as “ecoacoustics”––are increasingly available and provide a rapid, effective, and non‐intrusive means of monitoring biodiversity. Aboveground ecoacoustics is widespread, but soil ecoacoustics has yet to be utilized in restoration despite its demonstrable effectiveness at detecting soniferous soil meso‐ and macrofauna. This study applied ecoacoustic tools and indices (Acoustic Complexity Index, Normalized Difference Soundscape Index, and Bioacoustic Index) to measure belowground (and aboveground as secondary) biodiversity in a forest restoration site spanning two age classes. We collected n = 198 belowground acoustic samples and n = 180 aboveground samples from three recently deforested (felled <3 years ago) and three deciduous forest plots undergoing restoration (for the last 30–51 years) across three monthly visits in South Yorkshire, U.K. We used a belowground sampling device and sound‐attenuation chamber to record soil communities and passive acoustic monitoring to record aboveground sounds. We found that restored plot acoustic complexity and diversity were significantly higher than deforested plots in the sound‐attenuation chamber, but there were no inter‐plot differences in in‐situ soil or aboveground samples. We also found that restored plots had a significantly greater high‐frequency to low‐frequency ratio (suggesting higher biophony to anthrophony ratios) for in‐situ and sound chamber soil but no association for aboveground samples. Our results suggest that ecoacoustics has immense potential to monitor belowground biodiversity, adding to the restoration ecologist's toolkit and supporting global ecosystem recovery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sound of restored soil: using ecoacoustics to measure soil biodiversity in a temperate forest restoration context

Robinson

Breed

Abrahams

2023

Restoration Ecology

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“…This could partially explain the higher acoustic complexity detected in restored soils. For instance, earthworms form burrows through the soil as they seek carbon-rich areas, which serve as preferential networking pathways for plant root growth, water flow and gas transport (Lacoste et al 2018), all of which contribute to the soil soundscape (Gagliano et al 2017; Del Stabile et al 2022; Keen et al 2022). In the future, it would be prudent to take a more robust approach to invertebrate counting, such as using the Berlese method (Sabu and Shiju 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was based on the assumption that the increased signals from biological activity in restored plots would outweigh low-frequency noise, with potential effects also from the attenuation properties of the system (Tashakor and Chamani 2021; Sangermano 2022) i.e., the energy loss of sound propagation in a given medium. It could also be that greater earthworm activity changes soil characteristics (making them more air permeable) to allow better propagation of higher-frequency sounds, thereby increasing NDSI scores (Keen et al 2022). Understanding the factors that affect this biophony-to-anthrophony ratio in a restoration context warrants further research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sound of restored soil: Measuring soil biodiversity in a forest restoration chronosequence with ecoacoustics

Robinson

Breed

Abrahams

2023

Preprint

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Forest restoration requires monitoring to assess changes in above- and below-ground communities, which is challenging due to practical and resource limitations. With emerging sound recording technologies, ecological acoustic survey methods - also known as ecoacoustics - are increasingly available. These provide a rapid, effective, and non-intrusive means of monitoring biodiversity. Above-ground ecoacoustics is increasingly widespread, but soil ecoacoustics has yet to be utilised in restoration despite its demonstrable effectiveness at detecting meso- and macrofauna acoustic signals. This study applied ecoacoustic tools and indices (Acoustic Complexity Index, Normalised Difference Soundscape Index, and Bioacoustic Index) to measure above- and below-ground biodiversity in a forest restoration chronosequence. We hypothesised that higher acoustic complexity, diversity and high-frequency to low-frequency ratio would be detected in restored forest plots. We collected n = 198 below-ground samples and n = 180 ambient and controlled samples from three recently degraded (within 10 years) and three restored (30-51 years ago) deciduous forest plots across three monthly visits. We used passive acoustic monitoring to record above-ground biological sounds and a below-ground sampling device and sound-attenuation chamber to record soil communities. We found that restored plot acoustic complexity and diversity were higher in the sound-attenuation chamber soil but not in situ or above-ground samples. Moreover, we found that restored plots had a significantly greater high-frequency to low-frequency ratio for soil, but no such association for above-ground samples. Our results suggest that ecoacoustics has the potential to monitor below-ground biodiversity, adding to the restoration ecology toolkit and supporting global ecosystem recovery.

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Listening to tropical forest soils

Metcalf,

Baccaro,

Barlow

et al. 2024

Ecological Indicators

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Non-native species change the tune of tundra soils: Novel access to soundscapes of the Arctic earthworm invasion

Cited by 5 publications

References 72 publications

The sound of restored soil: using ecoacoustics to measure soil biodiversity in a temperate forest restoration context

The sound of restored soil: using ecoacoustics to measure soil biodiversity in a temperate forest restoration context

The sound of restored soil: Measuring soil biodiversity in a forest restoration chronosequence with ecoacoustics

Listening to tropical forest soils

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