Non‐native salmonids affect amphibian occupancy at multiple spatial scales

Pilliod, David S.; Hossack, Blake R.; Bahls, Peter F.; Bull, Evelyn L.; Corn, Paul Stephen; Hokit, Grant; Maxell, Bryce A.; Munger, James C.; Wyrick, Aimee

doi:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00699.x

Cited by 51 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Predatory fish strongly limited the spatial distribution of A. tigrinum, which is consistent with previous studies on fish-amphibian interactions (Hecnar and M'Closkey 1997, Pilliod and Peterson 2001, Pilliod et al 2010. By explicitly focusing on metapopulation processes, our work illustrates how distributional constraints result from high extinction risk and low colonization success at sites with fish predators.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Predatory fish consume the eggs and larvae of many pond-breeding amphibians, and fish negatively influence amphibian reproductive behavior, survival, abundance, and species richness (Sexton et al 1994, Hecnar and M'Closkey 1997, Werner et al 2007, Pope 2008. Although predatory fish can strongly limit the spatial distribution of amphibians (Pilliod et al 2010), the rescue hypothesis may explain the persistence of amphibians in wetlands with fish (Sjö gren Gulve 1994, Pilliod andPeterson 2001). If dispersal moderates the risk of local extinction at sites with fish, conservation efforts may benefit from a spatial perspective on fish-amphibian interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial connectivity moderates the effect of predatory fish on salamander metapopulation dynamics

Cosentino¹,

Schooley²,

Phillips³

2011

Ecosphere

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Abstract. In predator-prey metapopulations, persistence of prey in patches with predators may depend on the rescue effect in which immigration from nearby sources prevents local extinction. Thus, constraints on spatial connectivity may have important implications for predator-prey coexistence. We tested the hypothesis that metapopulation dynamics of Ambystoma tigrinum (tiger salamander) depend on combined effects of predatory fish and spatial connectivity. Because matrix heterogeneity can influence dispersal, we also considered how a proximate constraint on amphibian dispersal-desiccation risk-scales up to influence metapopulation dynamics for A. tigrinum. Occupancy and subsequent turnover patterns were quantified in a network of 90 wetlands for three years in an agricultural landscape in Illinois. Our previous field experiments demonstrated that desiccation risk varies among matrix habitats, and that individuals orient movements towards habitat with low desiccation risk. We used cost-distance modeling to generate a connectivity metric that accounted for desiccation risk. Occupancy and colonization probabilities were related negatively to fish occupancy and positively to connectivity. Matrix structure had a strong influence on colonization, and the connectivity metric based on desiccation risk was a better predictor of colonization than alternative metrics. The positive effect of desiccation-informed connectivity on colonization was strongest in wetlands with fish, indicating matrix composition can moderate the effects of predation on amphibians. We detected a rescue effect in which extinction probability was related negatively to connectivity, and this effect was strongest in sites with fish. The matrix did not have a strong effect on occupancy or extinction probabilities, and we discuss why matrix effects may vary for different aspects of population turnover. Our results suggest effects of fish predators on metapopulation dynamics of amphibians depend on spatial connectivity, and that immigration may be essential for maintaining persistence of amphibians in systems with fish. This study also demonstrates that the mechanisms underlying dispersal limitation for A. tigrinum may include desiccation risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial connectivity moderates the effect of predatory fish on salamander metapopulation dynamics

Cosentino¹,

Schooley²,

Phillips³

2011

Ecosphere

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“…This supports several correlative environmental studies, which suggested that fish habitats are not suitable for many amphibians (Knapp 2005;Orizaola and Braña 2006;Pilliod et al 2010). This confirms the results of our 2002 survey, which showed that paedomorphosis was not expressed in fish ponds (four out of 10 fish ponds were the same in both studies: Denoël et al 2005a).…”

Section: Resistancesupporting

confidence: 74%

The importance of phenotypic diversity in conservation: Resilience of palmate newt morphotypes after fish removal in Larzac ponds (France)

Denoël

Winandy

2015

Biological Conservation

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Resilience of organisms after threat removal is an essential feature to justify conservation efforts. Amphibians are particularly threatened with a worldwide decline, showing a low resistance to invaders such as fish. Previous research has shown that they could recover after fish extirpation due to metamorphosed colonizers. However, not all amphibian phenotypes are able to persist after fish introduction and disperse. In many species of newts and salamanders, paedomorphs retain gills in the adult stage, which makes them fully aquatic. A proposed way to conserve this phenotype would be to remove introduced fish from their habitats. However, because paedomorphosis is usually not expressed in the presence of fish, it is unknown whether fish removal could allow the resilience of paedomorphs. This would be possible only if progenies of metamorphosed individuals could become paedomorphic in restored habitats. Through a quantitative survey in three types of ponds, including control ponds without fish, ponds in which fish were extirpated, and fish ponds, we determined abundances of paedomorphic and metamorphic palmate newts (Lissotriton helveticus). The results show that paedomorphosis resilience is possible and even highly frequent, as paedomorphs were found in 80% of ponds where fish disappeared. Abundances were similar between these ponds and control ponds whereas fish ponds had almost no newts, indicating a very low resistance to invaders. This shows that conserving common phenotypes can help to preserve endangered phenotypes, as paedomorphs were produced through the reproduction of metamorphs. There is thus hope of maintaining intraspecific biodiversity though conservation action involving threat removal.

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“…The negative impact of introduced predatory fish on amphibians has been reported in several studies worldwide [74–79] and in the Mediterranean region [36, 80–82]. These impacts occur through direct predation, competition or pathogen transfer [81, 83–87].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exotic Fish in Exotic Plantations: A Multi-Scale Approach to Understand Amphibian Occurrence in the Mediterranean Region

et al. 2015

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Globally, amphibian populations are threatened by a diverse range of factors including habitat destruction and alteration. Forestry practices have been linked with low diversity and abundance of amphibians. The effect of exotic Eucalyptus spp. plantations on amphibian communities has been studied in a number of biodiversity hotspots, but little is known of its impact in the Mediterranean region. Here, we identify the environmental factors influencing the presence of six species of amphibians (the Caudata Pleurodeles waltl, Salamandra salamandra, Lissotriton boscai, Triturus marmoratus and the anurans Pelobates cultripes and Hyla arborea/meridionalis) occupying 88 ponds. The study was conducted in a Mediterranean landscape dominated by eucalypt plantations alternated with traditional use (agricultural, montados and native forest) at three different scales: local (pond), intermediate (400 metres radius buffer) and broad (1000 metres radius buffer). Using the Akaike Information Criterion for small samples (AICc), we selected the top-ranked models for estimating the probability of occurrence of each species at each spatial scale separately and across all three spatial scales, using a combination of covariates from the different magnitudes. Models with a combination of covariates at the different spatial scales had a stronger support than those at individual scales. The presence of predatory fish in a pond had a strong effect on Caudata presence. Permanent ponds were selected by Hyla arborea/meridionalis over temporary ponds. Species occurrence was not increased by a higher density of streams, but the density of ponds impacted negatively on Lissotriton boscai. The proximity of ponds occupied by their conspecifics had a positive effect on the occurrence of Lissotriton boscai and Pleurodeles waltl. Eucalypt plantations had a negative effect on the occurrence of the newt Lissotriton boscai and anurans Hyla arborea/meridionalis, but had a positive effect on the presence of Salamandra salamandra, while no effect on any of the other species was detected. In conclusion, eucalypts had limited effects on the amphibian community at the intermediate and broad scales, but predatory fish had a major impact when considering all the scales combined. The over-riding importance of introduced fish as a negative impact suggests that forest managers should prevent new fish introductions and eradicate fish from already-occupied ponds whenever possible.

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Non‐native salmonids affect amphibian occupancy at multiple spatial scales

Cited by 51 publications

References 56 publications

Spatial connectivity moderates the effect of predatory fish on salamander metapopulation dynamics

Spatial connectivity moderates the effect of predatory fish on salamander metapopulation dynamics

The importance of phenotypic diversity in conservation: Resilience of palmate newt morphotypes after fish removal in Larzac ponds (France)

Exotic Fish in Exotic Plantations: A Multi-Scale Approach to Understand Amphibian Occurrence in the Mediterranean Region

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