Non-native Pines Are Homogenizing the Ecosystems of South America

Garcı́a, R.; Franzese, Jorgelina; Policelli, Nahuel; Sasal, Yamila; Zenni, Rafael Dudeque; Núñez, Martín A.; Taylor, Kimberley; Pauchard, Aníbal

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99513-7_15

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, the area suitable for the cultivation of maize and beans has shrunk by about 60 per cent to make space for more tolerant crops, such as sorghum and millet [ 2 ]. The same phenomenon has also been observed in other countries, including those in North America, South America, and several Mediterranean areas, such as Spain, Portugal, and Italy [ 3 , 4 ]. On the other hand, climate change has allowed for the introduction of non-native plants in geographical areas where suitable environmental conditions have been naturally established [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Properties with Involved Mechanisms of Eugenia involucrata DC Fruits

et al. 2022

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In this study, the phytochemical profile and the antioxidative properties of Eugenia involucrata fruits were evaluated. Spectrophotometric assays indicated that these berries are a rich source of polyphenols with very high radical-scavenging and metal-reducing activities. High-performance liquid chromatography–Orbitrap analysis was able to carry out the annotation of 36 different compounds, mainly belonging to the flavonol, flavan-3-ol, and anthocyanin families. Antioxidant activity of the fruit extract was evaluated in a cell-based lipid peroxidation model. Obtained data showed that the extract, at very low concentration, was able to prevent oxidative damage in HepG2 cells exposed to oxidative stimuli. Moreover, the evaluation of the gene expression of the most important antioxidant enzymes suggested that the observed antioxidant protection in cells also involves an improvement in enzymatic antioxidant defenses. Finally, the collected data show that E. involucrata fruits are a good source of natural antioxidant molecules and provide evidence of their potential application in the nutraceutical field.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Properties with Involved Mechanisms of Eugenia involucrata DC Fruits

et al. 2022

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“…Importantly, these synergies could be magnified over time [21], since invasions and fires generate positive feedback that accelerates the process of homogenization of biodiversity in degraded grasslands [75]. One of the current challenges for biodiversity conservation is how to deal with the synergy of factors that promote ecosystem homogenization, that becomes even more important in fragmented landscapes [24,76]. In this context, it is essential to understand the interactions between invasive species and invaded ecosystems in order to detect and reduce their impacts on biodiversity [19,77,78].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmentation of Coastal Grasslands by Plantations and Spontaneous Spread of Invasive Pines in the Southern Pampa

2021

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Coastal dunes of the southern Buenos Aires province, in Argentina, are one of the last remnants of biodiversity in the southern Pampa unit, within the Rio de la Plata Grasslands. While the direct loss of grasslands due to the advance of cities and afforestation is conspicuous, the negative effects of the subdivision of the remaining environments on biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics are less considered. Our work aimed to analyze the combined effect of fires and subdivision of grasslands by invasive alien trees. Our results suggest that fragmentation affects the resilience of coastal grasslands after fire and affects the course of succession, promoting the establishment of invasive alien plants. We also suggest that fires favor the advance of pines and acacias towards the interior of grassland remnants, further reducing their area. The effective conservation of the components of Pampas biodiversity that still persist in these coastal ecosystems will depend on preventing, mitigating and compensating the insularization effects associated with forest plantations and the expansion of invasive trees, by means of adequate territorial planning that allows remnants to be maintained in a good state of conservation.

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“…In the highly pine invaded areas there are still some isolated N. antarctica trees. This pine invasion threatens native communities above and belowground (Cóbar-Carranza et al 2014, García et al 2018.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Native and non-native trees can find compatible mycorrhizal partners in each other’s dominated areas

et al. 2020

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Aims Biological invasions have historically been addressed mostly from an aboveground perspective, so little is known about the impacts of belowground invasions. We studied the impact of belowground invasions on growth of native tree species and test the possibility of novel interactions between native and non-native hosts and native and non-native belowground symbionts. Methods We combined field and growth chamber studies. With a growth chamber bioassay we compared growth and root colonization percentage of native Nothofagus and non-native invasive pine species, both highly dependent on ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), growing in pine invaded and non-invaded soils from native Nothofagus forest. We evaluated the identity of EMF species associated with both hosts in the different soil sources from the bioassay and we performed an in situ root sampling in the field. Results We found that both hosts grew equally well in both soil sources in terms of biomass, with high percent of root colonization, and no cross-host colonization of symbiotic EMF except for one species of Sistotrema found on both hosts. Conclusions Soil where invasive hosts are absent is already conditioned by the presence of non-native invasive EMF. Native trees may be able to remain in the invaded area due to the presence of native EMF. The presence of native hosts is not hindering the invasion of non-native hosts and the presence of native belowground fungal mutualists seems not to hinder the spread of their non-native counterparts.

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Non-native Pines Are Homogenizing the Ecosystems of South America

Cited by 24 publications

References 85 publications

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Properties with Involved Mechanisms of Eugenia involucrata DC Fruits

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Properties with Involved Mechanisms of Eugenia involucrata DC Fruits

Fragmentation of Coastal Grasslands by Plantations and Spontaneous Spread of Invasive Pines in the Southern Pampa

Native and non-native trees can find compatible mycorrhizal partners in each other’s dominated areas

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