Non-native invasive species and novel ecosystems

Simberloff, Daniel

doi:10.12703/p7-47

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Novel ecosystems also generated criticism. Simberloff suggests that along with recent reconsideration of best approaches to managing invasive species there is an “underlying argument [for] abandoning traditional restoration ecology in favor of ‘novel ecosystems’” (Simberloff ). The novel ecosystems concept has been criticized for being unnecessary and overlooking the capacity for restoration science and practice to adapt to changing conditions (Murcia et al ).…”

Section: Why Novel Ecosystems?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel and designed ecosystems

Higgs

2016

Restoration Ecology

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Growing attention to novel and designed ecosystems, and the confusion that follows from the overlap of these distinct ecosystem approaches, risks a loss of focus on ecological values at the core of restoration ecology. Novel ecosystems originate in ecosystems that are transformed beyond which the practical efforts of conventional restoration are feasible. They are also self-sustaining in the sense that they take time to form, and do not typically receive regular management. In this respect, they arise differently than designed ecosystems, which are assembled with specific goals in mind and are often heavily managed. Designed (or engineered) ecosystems comprise a variety of ecological approaches including reclamation (return a degraded ecosystem to productive capacity), green infrastructure, and agroecological systems. There are three elements that distinguish novel and designed ecosystems. Designed ecosystems typically require intensive intervention to create them, and ongoing management to sustain them; novel ecosystems do not. Second, the human intentions behind designed and novel ecosystems are usually different. Designed ecosystems exist in the service of human interests, including specific services (e.g. filtration, cooling, nature appreciation), aesthetics, and shifting value commitments toward green infrastructure; novel ecosystems arise typically through inadvertent human activity. Third, designed and novel ecosystems have different developmental pathways. Historical ecosystems are the starting point for restored, hybrid, and novel ecosystems; designed ecosystems are intentionally created. Designed ecosystems stand apart as providing a new origin for ecosystems of the future, including those that become novel ecosystems.

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Section: Why Novel Ecosystems?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel and designed ecosystems

Higgs

2016

Restoration Ecology

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“…At the outset it is important to state that distinguishing native species from non-native species would add value to the proposed framework (Paolucci et al 2013, Simberloff and Vitule 2014, Simberloff 2015, Buckley and Catford 2016, because non-native species may experience biogeographic-evolutionary advantages in introduced ranges at least in the early phases of introduction, which may help them to establish and become invasive. Non-native species have often been shown to experience biogeographicevolutionary advantages over native species through a variety of mechanisms such as enemy release, increased competitive ability, novel weapons, positive plant-soil feedbacks, and via invasional meltdown, all providing advantages over native species (Simberloff and von Holle 1999, Klironomos 2002, Funk and Vitousek 2007, Callaway et al 2011, Gurevitch et al 2011, Schaffner et al 2011, Inderjit 2012.…”

Section: Population Outbreaks and Collapsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for understanding human‐driven vegetation change

Inderjit

Catford

Kalisz

et al. 2017

Oikos

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Despite a major research focus on human‐mediated reshuffling of plant communities, no coherent framework unites the numerous types of changes in abundances and distributions of native and non‐native species that are driven by human activities. Human driven vegetation change can occur through: non‐native species introductions; population outbreaks or collapses; range expansions or contractions; and range shifts of both native and non‐native species. Boundaries among these different types of floristic changes are not always distinct because of an overlap in the ecological, climatic, and anthropogenic processes that underpin them. We propose a new framework that connects various human‐mediated causes of vegetation change, highlights the spatial scales at which drivers act and the temporal scale at which plant assemblages respond, and provides critical insights for identifying and appropriately managing these changes.

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“…Riparian zones are diverse, complex habitats that provide an ecologically important buffer between land and water, regulating the health and quality of the watercourses they border. The dynamic nature of riparian zones increases their susceptibility to invasion, particularly by non-native plants, which can spread quickly throughout catchments (Richardson et al, 2000) and are associated with negative ecosystem-wide impacts (Simberloff, 2015) that are repeated on a global scale. The impact of invasive non-native plants (INNP) has been demonstrated on native plant communities (Pattison, Whytock, & Willby, 2017;Pysek et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stream invertebrate diversity reduces with invasion of river banks by non‐native plants

et al. 2018

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Invasion of riparian zones by non‐native plants is a global issue and commonly perceived as a challenge for river and fishery managers, but the type and extent of ecological changes induced by such invasions remain poorly understood. Established effects on sediment delivery, allochthonous inputs, and channel shading could potentially alter aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages, with implications for in‐stream ecological quality. We assessed responses in the diversity, quality, and heterogeneity of stream macroinvertebrate communities to riparian invasion by non‐native plants. Macroinvertebrates were collected from 24 sites on low order streams in central and southern Scotland during spring and autumn. The effect of invasive non‐native plants (INNP) on macroinvertebrates was assessed relative to that of local physical and chemical factors. Invasive non‐native plants cover was associated with stronger effects than other factors on local diversity of macroinvertebrates (33% reduction at the highest INNP cover) but also increased macroinvertebrate abundance across sites. Invaded sites were also associated with lower macroinvertebrate biomonitoring scores. Community composition differed between invaded and uninvaded sites in autumn, but not in spring. However, INNP influence on macroinvertebrate composition was generally secondary to that of physicochemical variables (e.g. channel shade, substrate diversity). We demonstrate that the influence of INNP extends beyond well‐known impacts on plant communities to reductions mainly in stream macroinvertebrate diversity. Combined with the negative impact on pollution‐sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa this raises concerns over the ecological health of streams with heavily invaded riparian zones. Our findings suggest that efforts to improve low order streams by actively managing severe riparian invasions are merited, but the size and uncertainty of the likely ecological gains must also be evaluated against the effort involved.

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Non-native invasive species and novel ecosystems

Cited by 49 publications

References 61 publications

Novel and designed ecosystems

Novel and designed ecosystems

A framework for understanding human‐driven vegetation change

Stream invertebrate diversity reduces with invasion of river banks by non‐native plants

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