Non-mutagenicity of the fungicide dithane M-45 as inducer of recessive lethals after larval feeding in Drosophila melanogaster

Toxic and DNA‐damaging activities of the fungicides mancozeb and thiram (TMTD) on human lymphocytes in vitro

“…In the presence of S-9, no increase in SCE was observed. The carcinogenic potential of mancozeb [8, is, therefore, not correlated with the expression of mutagenic potential under our experimental conditions. Whether the absence of mutagenicity is due to lack of active metabolites from mancozeb in cell culture remains to be determined.…”

“…This is true also in the case of mancozeb and thiram (TMTD), two chemicals widely used as agricultural fungicides. Indeed, their mutagenic, clastogenic, or teratogenic activities, which were studied either in in vitro systems using prokaryotic or mammalian cells [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] or in in vivo systems [ 1 1-13], give rise to conflicting conclusions.…”

Dominant Lethals Induced by Dithane M-45 in Silkworm Bombyx mori

“…Induction of dominant lethals in silkworm races has also been reported by Tazima (1964) and Datta et al (1978) by using radiation and EMS, respectively. In contrary to present results, it has been demonstrated that Dithane M-45 is a noninducer of sex-linked recessive lethals and II-III translocations in D. melanogaster (Vasudev and Krishnamurthy, 1980). From the above data it can be said that even though Dithane M-45 is nonmutagenic in D. melanogaster, the mutagenic nature of this compound in bacteria and B. mori warns us against the indiscriminate use of this fungicide in moriculture and sericulture.…”

In vitro transforming effect of the fungicides metalaxyl and zineb

“…It has been pointed out that for certain classes of chemicals the biological response may be diminished or even masked depending on the substrate specificity and on the S-9/substrate ratio [ 171. However, conflicting data on zineb carcinogenicity have been reported [11,12]. One of the possible zineb metabolites, ethylenethiourea (ETU), which is also the most important product in EBCD metabolism, induced tumors in rat thyroid and mouse liver.…”