Non-metallic Inclusion Evolution in a Liquid Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel in Contact with Double-Saturated Slag

Dai, Tang; Pistorius, Petrus Christiaan

doi:10.1007/s11663-021-02084-y

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A mass of 600 g of electrolytic iron and 0.66 g of iron(II)sulfide were melted and heated to 1600 • C, under a high-purity Ar atmosphere. Details of the experimental configuration were reported previously; previous experiments using the same configuration showed repeatability in characterizing steel-slag reaction kinetics and nonmetallic inclusion evolution [5,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. From previous experiments, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in molten iron produced from the electrolytic iron is approximately 200 ppm (parts per million by mass).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this model, the dissolved forms of magnesium are Mg atoms and Mg*O associates. Recent results [18] indicate that the current Mg*O associate model overestimates the concentration of dissolved magnesium (by a factor of 2 or 3). In this modeling study, Ca*O associates were not considered, an approach that has been shown to improve agreement with experiments [6].…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Aluminum-Free Steelmaking: Desulfurization and Nonmetallic Inclusion Evolution of Si-Killed Steel in Contact with CaO-SiO2-CaF2-MgO Slag

Piva

Pistorius

2021

Processes

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In some applications, deep desulfurization and deoxidation of steels without the use of aluminum are required, using Si as a deoxidant instead, with double-saturated slags in the CaO-SiO2-CaF2-MgO system. This work studied the desulfurization and nonmetallic inclusion evolution for the system using an induction furnace and compared the results with FactSage kinetic simulations. Steel samples were taken from the steel melt and analyzed with ICP-MS and combustion analysis for chemistry, and SEM/EDS for nonmetallic inclusion quantity, size, and composition. The results indicate that the steel was deeply desulfurized, with a final sulfur partition coefficient of 580; MgO was reduced from the slag, yielding dissolved [Mg] that transformed liquid Mn–silicate inclusions into forsterite and MgO. Intentional reoxidation of the melt with oxidized electrolytic iron demonstrated a significant concentration of dissolved [Mg] in the steel, by the formation of additional forsterite and MgO upon reoxidation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Aluminum-Free Steelmaking: Desulfurization and Nonmetallic Inclusion Evolution of Si-Killed Steel in Contact with CaO-SiO2-CaF2-MgO Slag

Piva

Pistorius

2021

Processes

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“…[21,22] Next, [Ca] and [Mg] could be conducive to the formation of sulfide and ultimately remove sulfur when the added aluminum concentration is enough to completely replace the [Ca] and part of the [Mg] at the interface of slag steel and decompose into [Ca] and [Mg]. [23][24][25] On the other hand, it can also be seen that the sulfur concentration in the steel liquid significantly decreases from 0 to 5 min and basically stabilizes after 10 min after the addition of aluminum, as shown in Figure 3a. It indicates that the desulfurization process after adding aluminum is mainly concentrated in 0-5 min, and the desulfurization reaches an equilibrium state after adding aluminum for 10 min.…”

Section: Sulfur and Oxygen In Steel For Different Aluminum Concentrat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Al on the Cleanliness of the x% Al–7CrSiMnMoV Steel Produced by Scrap Steel

Long,

Zeng,

Gao

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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It is crucial for recycling scrap steel to effectively remove impurities such as sulfur and oxygen, which directly determine the characteristics of inclusions in steel liquid. This study attempts to investigate the effect of Al concentration on the cleanliness of x% Al–7CrSiMnMoV steel by directly smelting scrap steel. Impurities such as sulfur and oxygen, as well as alloying elements in steel, are investigated. Also, the evolution characteristics of inclusion in the x% Al–7CrSiMnMoV steel are evaluated. The results show that the oxygen concentration in steel liquid gradually decreases; however, the sulfur concentration in steel liquid first increases and then decreases as the aluminum concentration increases from 0.026% to 0.58%. A high‐cleanliness 0.58% Al–7CrSiMnMoV steel with sulfur and oxygen concentrations of 0.0015% and 0.0018%, respectively, can be obtained. Additionally, the high Al–Ca–Mg–O and high Ca–Al–Mg–O contain S composite inclusions, and a small amount of fine Mn(Ca)S inclusions first form the high‐Al–Ca–Mg–O composite inclusions with an aluminum concentration of 0.026%, then form the high‐Al–Mg–O, Al–Mg–O‐wrapped Mn(Ca)S, and a large number of fine MnS inclusions with an aluminum concentration of 0.11%; eventually, it forms Al–Mg–O‐wrapped CaS as the Al concentrations continuously increase.

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“…MnO is usually produced in Si-Mn-killed steel during the ladle furnace (LF) refining process [15]. In many cases, the behavior of the inclusions in steel melt depends on the sequence of alloy addition [16]. In the process of converter tapping, Al was first added for strong deoxidation, and then ferrosilicon alloy and ferrosilicon alloy were added.…”

Section: Lf Startmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Non-Metallic Inclusions in 27SiMn Steel

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Metals

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To study the evolution of non-metallic inclusions in 27SiMn steel, the 27SiMn steel produced using the LD-LF-CCM process was sampled in various stages in a steel factory. The evolutionary behavior of inclusion in various processes was systematically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), and the total oxygen content and nitrogen content in 27SiMn steel were measured at various production steps. On the basis of the calcium treatment for 27SiMn steel, the equilibrium reactions for Ca-Al were calculated according to the thermodynamic equilibrium model. The results showed that the types of inclusions at the start of LF stations are mainly Al2O3-FeO and MnS-Al2O3. Before calcium treatment, the inclusions are mostly calcium aluminate and CaO-MgO-Al2O3. Compared with the process after soft blowing, the number density of inclusions in tundish increased by 77.88%, possibly due to secondary oxidation. From the soft blowing process to the continuous casting round billet, the inclusions translate into spherical CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, and a large number of CaS were observed. One part of the CaS precipitated separately, the other part was semi-wrapped with the composite inclusions. At the same time, calcium treatment increases the number density, mean diameter, and the area fraction of inclusions. The mass fraction of T.O. (total oxygen content) increased significantly after soft blowing, and the N content increased greatly from station to tundish. The change trend of N content in steel was basically consistent with that of T.O. content. It was necessary to prevent the secondary oxidation of molten steel during calcium treatment and the casting process. When the liquidus temperature of liquid steel is 1873 K, w[Al] = 0.022%, and w[Ca] in steel is controlled between 1.085 × 10−6 and 4.986 × 10−6, the Al2O3 inclusion degeneration effect is good.

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Non-metallic Inclusion Evolution in a Liquid Third-Generation Advanced High-Strength Steel in Contact with Double-Saturated Slag

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Aluminum-Free Steelmaking: Desulfurization and Nonmetallic Inclusion Evolution of Si-Killed Steel in Contact with CaO-SiO2-CaF2-MgO Slag

Aluminum-Free Steelmaking: Desulfurization and Nonmetallic Inclusion Evolution of Si-Killed Steel in Contact with CaO-SiO2-CaF2-MgO Slag

Effect of Al on the Cleanliness of the x% Al–7CrSiMnMoV Steel Produced by Scrap Steel

Evolution of Non-Metallic Inclusions in 27SiMn Steel

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