Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs among Youth in an Appalachian Population: Prevalence, Predictors, and Implications for Prevention

Collins, David; Abadi, Melissa H.; Johnson, Knowlton; Shamblen, Steve; Thompson, Kirsten

doi:10.2190/de.41.3.e

Cited by 47 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Consistent with prior research examining the effects of parental and school factors in adolescent prescription drug misuse (Ford, 2009;Ford & McCutcheon, 2012;Spoth et al, 2013), our analysis indicated that both high levels of parental and school attachment reduced the odds that youths had used prescription drugs. As with research indicating community ties can reduce prescription drug misuse (Cheng & Lo, 2012;Cranford et al, 2013;Collins et al, 2011) and the particular salience of community factors for rural youths (Clark et al, 2011), our analysis indicated several community-level factors reduced the likelihood of prescription drug use. At the bivariate level, having adult mentors in the community was associated with lower odds of using.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Adolescents with strong bonds to their parents have also been found to be at decreased risk for misusing certain prescription drugs such as Ambien, one of the most commonly prescribed sedatives (Ford & McCutcheon, 2012). Other studies have documented an association between parental monitoring, closeness, and/or disapproval of substance use and reduced nonmedical prescription drug use (Barnes, Hoffman, & Welte, 2006;Cheng & Lo, 2012;Collins et al, 2011;Ford, 2009;King et al, 2013). Furthermore, there have been prevention programs, such as the one initiated by Fang and Schinke (2013), that have specifically focused on the protective mechanisms surrounding healthy parent-child relationships and have been associated with decreased use of illicit prescription drugs.…”

Section: Correlates Of Nonmedical Prescription Drug Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Youths may also resist engaging in nonmedical prescription drug use if they have solid school attachment (Collins et al, 2011). For example, high levels of teacher and school protective factors (e.g., enforcing firm rules against and communicating the dangers about substance use) decreased the odds of nonmedical prescription drug use among seventh-through twelfth-grade students in the Greater Cincinnati area (King et al, 2013).…”

Section: Correlates Of Nonmedical Prescription Drug Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among Midwestern Rural Adolescents

Park

Melander

Sanchez

2016

Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse

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Prescription drug misuse has been an increasing problem in the United States, yet few studies have examined the protective factors that reduce risk of prescription drug abuse among rural adolescents. Using social control theory as a theoretical framework, we test whether parent, school, and community attachment reduce the likelihood of lifetime and 30-day prescription drug misuses among rural youths in Nebraska (N D 18,050). Results indicated that higher levels of parental and school attachment and having fun and legal things to do in the community were significantly associated with reduced odds of using. Implications and limitations are discussed.

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Section: Discussion/conclusionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Correlates Of Nonmedical Prescription Drug Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Correlates Of Nonmedical Prescription Drug Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among Midwestern Rural Adolescents

Park

Melander

Sanchez

2016

Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse

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“…However, contrary to expectations, maternal warmth was associated with higher risk of nonmedical prescription drug use among Hispanic respondents, specifically (Harrell and Broman, 2009). Collins and colleagues did not detect an association between offspring reports of parental monitoring and any nonmedical prescription drug use in a sample of Appalachian children and adolescents (Collins et al, 2011). To our knowledge, no prior national study has examined the association between the quality of reciprocal maternal-offspring attachment, measured from the perspectives of both the mother and the offspring, and nonmedical prescription opioid use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Family ties: Maternal-offspring attachment and young adult nonmedical prescription opioid use

Cerdá

Bordelois

Keyes

et al. 2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Nonmedical prescription drug use is prevalent among young adults, yet little is known about modifiable determinants of use. We examined whether maternal-offspring attachment reported at mean age 21 was associated with nonmedical prescription opioid use at mean age 26, and investigated whether a history of depressive symptoms and substance use played a role in associations between maternal-offspring attachment and nonmedical prescription opioid use. Methods We used data from the Growing Up Today Study, a longitudinal cohort of United States adolescents followed into young adulthood. Maternal-offspring attachment was reported by young adults and their mothers, and defined as mutual low, mutual medium or high, and dissonant. Analyses were carried out in the full sample using generalized estimating equation models, and in a sibling subsample, using conditional fixed effects models to control for stable aspects of the family environment. Results Analyses with the full sample and the sibling subsample both showed that mutual medium/high maternal-offspring attachment at age 21 was associated with lower odds of nonmedical prescription opioid use at age 26 (RR=0.74; 95% CI=0.57-0.97 in full sample). The association was partly mediated by mean age 23 offspring smoking, heavy episodic drinking, and illicit drug use. Conclusions Promoting reciprocal attachment in the maternal-offspring dyad should be investigated as a strategy to prevent nonmedical prescription opioid use by young adulthood. Even in young adulthood, programs that target both parents and offspring may have greater impact on offspring substance use than programs that target offspring alone.

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“…Rural communities may be particularly at risk with studies finding time spent with peers outside of the school day and lack of participation in extracurricular activities to be associated with the recreational use of prescription drugs among youth [27]. Finally, many individuals may not recognize the dangers of prescription or OTC drug abuse [7,28]. Data from the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA)'s 2014 Monitoring the Future survey demonstrated that, though teens did not misuse or abuse prescription stimulants at higher rates than in the past, there was an overall decline in perceived risk of doing so.…”

Section: Prescription and Over-the Counter Drug Use In The United Stamentioning

confidence: 99%

Proper Drug Disposal: Studying a Solution to Household Prescription and Over-the- Counter Drug Abuse

Kinrys¹,

Gold²,

Nierenberg³

2016

J Drug Abuse (edi(n))

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For the average American, prescription and over-the-counter drugs are a standard component of a daily health regimen with 35% of American adults consuming over-the-counter (OTC) medicines on a daily basis [1] and 48.7% of Americans reporting use of at least one prescription drug in a 30 day period [2]. Data indicate that OTC medications serve a crucial role in helping treat a host of common health problems such as pains, aches, sprains, and rashes [1,3] with 81% of adults utilizing OTC medications as a first response treatment for common medical symptoms [4]. With OTC sales at approximately 31 billion dollars in 2014, OTC drugs importantly provide low-cost treatments to individuals in underserved communities [4].In a thirteen-year span from 1999 to 2012, prescription drug use in the United States demonstrated a notable increase [5]. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Kantor et al. [5]. found that 51% of US adults reported use of any prescription drug from 1999 to 2000 while 59% reported use of any prescription drug from 2011-2012. A recent Mayo Clinic study estimated that 70% of Americans are on at least one prescription drug [6].Widespread prescription and OTC medication use in the United States has produced an environment in which drugs are highly present and, thus, readily accessible to any given individual [7]. This ease of access is reflected in many areas. First, OTC drugs can be easily purchased in pharmacies and drug stores. Further, many individuals have access to expired or unused drugs in their home cabinets [8,9]. These avenues create opportunities for individuals to share excess drugs with friends and family members or to consume the drugs themselves. In many cases, these medications are not consumed as prescribed -specifically, they are consumed at higher doses or by non-intended recipients [10,11]. Thus, high accessibility can, in turn, contribute to misuse and abuse of prescription and OTC drugs [12]. Proper Drug Disposal: Studying a Solution to Household Prescription and Over-theCounter Drug Abuse AbstractWith 6.5 million Americans misusing a prescription drug in 2014 and 12% of American teenagers indicating lifetime use of over-the-counter cold medicine or cough syrup for getting high, misuse and abuse of prescription and over-thecounter drugs remains a major problem in the United States. Prescription and over-the-counter drug abuse often results from unused or unwanted medications remaining in the household cabinet. A potential solution to this problem lies in drug take-back programs which allow individuals to bring unused medications back to designated facilities for safe and proper disposal. In this commentary, we discuss the current state of drug take-back programs and their relevance to prescription and over-the-counter drug abuse. We conclude with suggestions on future directions in drug disposal that can help fight against prescription and overthe-counter drug abuse.

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Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs among Youth in an Appalachian Population: Prevalence, Predictors, and Implications for Prevention

Cited by 47 publications

References 28 publications

Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among Midwestern Rural Adolescents

Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among Midwestern Rural Adolescents

Family ties: Maternal-offspring attachment and young adult nonmedical prescription opioid use

Proper Drug Disposal: Studying a Solution to Household Prescription and Over-the- Counter Drug Abuse

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