Non-Malignant Blood Disorders and Their Impact on Oral Health: an Overview

Abstract

Purpose of Review This review aims to summarize the literature on inherited hemoglobin and coagulation disorders, focusing on sickle cell disease (SCD), thalassemia, hemophilia, and von Willebrand disease (vWD), and their impact on oral health. Clinical dental management of patients with these conditions is also reviewed. Recent Findings There is no evident association between caries and SCD. Despite limited available studies, there may be a possible association between caries and thalassemia, which could relate to salivary changes in immunoglobulin A and Streptococcus mutans reported in these patients. Controversial results on the caries experience of hemophilia and vWD patients are found in the literature, which are likely to reflect differences in the provided preventive dental care of these patients rather than a biological association. Current evidence does not support any association between periodontal disease and SCD. The literature on periodontal disease and thalassemia shows controversial results although some evidence suggests differences in the gingival inflammation of thalassemia patients with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, deserving further investigation. The available literature does not provide evidence of an increased risk for gingival bleeding or periodontal disease in patients with hemophilia or vWD. Dental management of these patients requires appropriate measures to prevent infection and excessive bleeding. The use of local hemostatic may often be sufficient; however, in severe bleeding disorders, systemic hemostatic or replacement therapy may be required, and procedures are recommended to be planned with the patient's hematologist. Summary Maintaining good oral health through preventive dentistry is important for patients with inherited hemoglobin and coagulation disorders as that may prevent the risk of infection and the need for invasive dental treatments that can result in bleeding complications. Keywords Hematologic diseases. Anemia. Blood coagulation disorders. Oral health. Periodontal diseases. Dental caries This article is part of the Topical Collection on Systemic Diseases * Elisabeth A.

Mobile Apps for Hematological Conditions: Review and Content Analysis Using the Mobile App Rating Scale

“…Hematological conditions comprise a wide range of disorders that can be classified as nonmalignant (anemia, hemorrhagic, or thrombotic disorders and conditions affecting blood-forming organs) and malignant (hematological cancers, such as Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, or multiple myeloma, among others) [14]. These diseases meet all criteria for qualifying as a very important public health problem, with serious morbidities affecting patients worldwide [14][15][16]. Many of these conditions, such as hemophilia or anemia, are highly prevalent and become chronic.…”

Local Anesthesia Onset and Pain Perception in Hemophilic and Thalassemic Conditions

“…Studies have shown that thalassemic patients are susceptible to dental caries because their caries index is high and they have significantly low salivary phosphorous and IgA concentration [4,28]. This occurs because patients are hesitant to visit a dentist for fear of the procedure.…”

Patterns of Bone Marrow Confirmed Malignant and Non-Malignant Hematological Disorders in Patients with Abnormal Hematological Parameters in Northeast Ethiopia

“… 21 , 22 Nutritional anemia is mainly associated with the deficiency of iron, vitamin B 12 , folic acid, hormones, other vitamins, and minerals, whereas hemolytic anemia occurs due to premature RBCdestruction and aplastic anemia is due to bone marrow failure. 20 , 23 …”

“…3,19 Non-malignant hematological disorders are agroup of diverse conditions ranging from inherited conditions like hemophilia and sickle cell disease to common non-hereditary conditions such as venous thromboembolism and different types of anemia. 20 Anemia is the condition associated with reduced numbers of red blood cells (RBC) or decreased hemoglobin level (Hgb) and it can be grouped into different categories based on the cause such as nutritional, hemolytic, and aplastic anemia. 21,22 Nutritional anemia is mainly associated with the deficiency of iron, vitamin B 12 , folic acid, hormones, other vitamins, and minerals, whereas hemolytic anemia occurs due to premature RBCdestruction and aplastic anemia is due to bone marrow failure.…”

“…21,22 Nutritional anemia is mainly associated with the deficiency of iron, vitamin B 12 , folic acid, hormones, other vitamins, and minerals, whereas hemolytic anemia occurs due to premature RBCdestruction and aplastic anemia is due to bone marrow failure. 20,23 Bone marrow examination has wide application in clinical medicine for the diagnosis and monitoring of the therapy of malignant, non-malignant hematological disorders, and various systemic diseases of unknown origin. 24,25 There have been few studies conducted to investigate the magnitude of malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders using bone marrow examinations in poor resource setting countries including Ethiopia.…”