Non-male-killing spiroplasmas in Drosophila hydei

Ota, Tomomi; Kawabe, Masata; Oishi, Kugao; Poulson, D. F.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109235

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…Our preliminary results suggest that its close relative, haplotype 1, does not cause son killing in D. hydei; D. hydei was previously reported (Ota et al 1979) to harbor a non-male killing strain of unknown relationship to the Spiroplasma of our study. The other three haplotypes (2-4) also show no evidence of son killing, suggesting that none of the Spiroplasma strains associated with repleta group flies cause son killing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

“…While previous studies had examined several drosophilid species for Wolbachia, very few species had been surveyed for Spiroplasma, revealing nine Drosophila species infected by this bacterium: D. willistoni, D. paulistorum, D. nebulosa, and D. equinoxialis (willistoni species group, subgenus Sophophora); D. melanogaster (melanogaster species group, subgenus Sophophora); D. paraguayensis, D. ornatifrons, D. neocardini (Montenegro et al 2006), and D. hydei (Ota et al 1979) (tripunctata, guarani, cardini, and repleta groups, respectively; subgenus Drosophila), but this last one had not been confirmed by DNA sequencing. Our results revealed infections in D. hydei and in two additional members of the repleta group in which Spiroplasma had not been reported previously (D. aldrichi and D. mojavensis), but not in any of the other species groups reported before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Drosophila, Spiroplasma infections are currently documented in five species of the subgenus Sophophora-D. melanogaster (Montenegro et al 2005); D. willistoni, D. nebulosa, D. paulistorum, and D. equinoxialis (Williamson and Poulson 1979;Williamson et al 1999); and four species of the subgenus Drosophila-D. hydei (Ota et al 1979); and D. neocardini, D. paraguayensis, and D. ornatifrons (Montenegro et al 2006).…”

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Heritable Endosymbionts of Drosophila

et al. 2006

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Although heritable microorganisms are increasingly recognized as widespread in insects, no systematic screens for such symbionts have been conducted in Drosophila species (the primary insect genetic models for studies of evolution, development, and innate immunity). Previous efforts screened relatively few Drosophila lineages, mainly for Wolbachia. We conducted an extensive survey of potentially heritable endosymbionts from any bacterial lineage via PCR screens of mature ovaries in 181 recently collected fly strains representing 35 species from 11 species groups. Due to our fly sampling methods, however, we are likely to have missed fly strains infected with sex ratio-distorting endosymbionts. Only Wolbachia and Spiroplasma, both widespread in insects, were confirmed as symbionts. These findings indicate that in contrast to some other insect groups, other heritable symbionts are uncommon in Drosophila species, possibly reflecting a robust innate immune response that eliminates many bacteria. A more extensive survey targeted these two symbiont types through diagnostic PCR in 1225 strains representing 225 species from 32 species groups. Of these, 19 species were infected by Wolbachia while only 3 species had Spiroplasma. Several new strains of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma were discovered, including ones divergent from any reported to date. The phylogenetic distribution of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma in Drosophila is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Heritable Endosymbionts of Drosophila

et al. 2006

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“…In Drosophila, the two defensive Spiroplasma strains known do not appear to engage in reproductive manipulation (Ota et al, 1979;Jaenike et al, 2010a), but several of their close relatives are male killers. One of these male-killing strains is the Melanogaster Sex Ratio Organism (hereafter MSRO), which can co-occur with Wolbachia in certain populations of D. melanogaster.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male killing Spiroplasma protects Drosophila melanogaster against two parasitoid wasps

et al. 2013

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Maternally transmitted associations between endosymbiotic bacteria and insects are diverse and widespread in nature. Owing to imperfect vertical transmission, many heritable microbes have evolved compensational mechanisms to enhance their persistence in host lineages, such as manipulating host reproduction and conferring fitness benefits to host. Symbiont-mediated defense against natural enemies of hosts is increasingly recognized as an important mechanism by which endosymbionts enhance host fitness. Members of the genus Spiroplasma associated with distantly related Drosophila hosts are known to engage in either reproductive parasitism (i.e., male killing) or defense against natural enemies (the parasitic wasp Leptopilina heterotoma and a nematode). A male-killing strain of Spiroplasma (strain Melanogaster Sex Ratio Organism (MSRO)) co-occurs with Wolbachia (strain wMel) in certain wild populations of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. We examined the effects of Spiroplasma MSRO and Wolbachia wMel on Drosophila survival against parasitism by two common wasps, Leptopilina heterotoma and Leptopilina boulardi, that differ in their host ranges and host evasion strategies. The results indicate that Spiroplasma MSRO prevents successful development of both wasps, and confers a small, albeit significant, increase in larva-toadult survival of flies subjected to wasp attacks. We modeled the conditions under which defense can contribute to Spiroplasma persistence. Wolbachia also confers a weak, but significant, survival advantage to flies attacked by L. heterotoma. The host protective effects exhibited by Spiroplasma and Wolbachia are additive and may provide the conditions for such cotransmitted symbionts to become mutualists. Occurrence of Spiroplasma-mediated protection against distinct parasitoids in divergent Drosophila hosts suggests a general protection mechanism.

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“…The insect spiroplamas, either alone or in association with viruses, such as those which have been observed in D. nebulosa (Oishi and Poulson 1970;Oishi 1971), can preferentially kill male zygotes. There are instances, however, of where spiroplasmas have been detected but they fail to kill male zygotes, as for example in D. hydei (Ota et al 1979) and in a variant of the D. nebulosa spiroplasma, described by Yamada et al (1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex ratio distortion in populations and its possible role in insect suppression : Experimental studies with strains of Drosophila melanogaster carrying cytoplasmically-inherited male-killing spiroplasmas.

Fitz-Earle

Sakaguchi

1986

The Japanese journal of genetics

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The possible role of cytoplasmic sex ratio (SR) distortion in insect population control has been assessed experimentally.In Drosophila melanogaster the agent responsible for SR distortion is a male-killing spiroplasma and SR strains are characterized by females producing daughters but few, if any, sons. Populations were constructed of wildtype and SR females (of various malekill effectivenesses) plus males, in different proportions.The frequency of females in the populations was monitored regularly.Under some circumstances the frequency of females increased but not to fixation or population collapse. In most instances the frequency of females declined (to as low as 25% in some cases), then went through cycles of increase and decrease, with gradually reduced amplitude over time. This pattern of fluctuations was repeatable over cages.Independently, it was shown that SR females persisted in the cages for the length of the experiments. The unexpected extremely low frequencies of females found in cages established with an excess of females, raised the possibility of distorting a population by SR releases, and then when the female frequency is at its lowest point to add sterile male or similar load inducers to suppress the population. The possible role of density dependence is discussed.

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Non-male-killing spiroplasmas in Drosophila hydei

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Heritable Endosymbionts of Drosophila

Heritable Endosymbionts of Drosophila

Male killing Spiroplasma protects Drosophila melanogaster against two parasitoid wasps

Sex ratio distortion in populations and its possible role in insect suppression : Experimental studies with strains of Drosophila melanogaster carrying cytoplasmically-inherited male-killing spiroplasmas.

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