Non-Magnetic CMOS Switched-Transmission-Line Circulators With High Power Handling and Antenna Balancing: Theory and Implementation

Nagulu, Aravind; Krishnaswamy, Harish

doi:10.1109/jssc.2019.2905146

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In the recent implementations [18], [19], the internal filter has been realized as a multi-section lumped-element Bragg-limited λ/4 transmission line at the clock frequency to achieve the required T m /4 time delay. The clock frequency was chosen to be ω m = ω in /3.…”

Section: B Broadband Gyrator Circulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This expression is valid for a single I or Q branch. The transmission line architecture can operate with a single path (I or Q), as shown in [19] and [20], since all the mixing harmonics created by the square wave clock are passed within its bandwidth. In principle, also, an all-pass filter can operate with a single path; however, this increases the sensitivity of insertion loss to duty cycle mismatch [18] in the I/Q clock generation.…”

Section: All-pass Filter Circulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the transmission line implementation [18], [19] (and with extra inductors in [20]), the parasitic capacitance C p can be absorbed in the transmission line and reciprocal sections. However, with the proposed all-pass filter approach, the topology does not include shunt capacitors, so this feature cannot be exercised.…”

Section: Cryo-cmos Circulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such circulators exploit linear periodic time-variant (LPTV) circuit operation to create non-reciprocity. Such technique resulted in a variety of implementations targeting shared-antenna interfaces for different communication standards, at frequencies below 1 GHz [16], [17], [19], at 25 GHz [18], and at 60 GHz [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the techniques proposed so far for CMOS circulators are not well suited to such a band. Moreover, full-duplex circulators have shown a trend for high power handling [19] due to transmitter requirements, while circulators for quantum computing are inherently small-signal circulators only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Wideband Low-Power Cryogenic CMOS Circulator for Quantum Applications

Ruffino

Peng

Foti

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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Quantum computers require classical electronics to ensure fault-tolerant operation. To address compactness and scalability, it was proposed to implement such electronics as integrated circuits operating at cryogenic temperatures close to those at which quantum bits (qubits) operate. Circulators are among the most common blocks used in the qubit readout chain, but they are currently discrete devices with a bulky footprint, thus preventing large-scale system integration. For this reason, we present here a detailed description of the first fully integrated CMOS circulator operating from 300 K down to 4.2 K to be an integral part of cryogenic quantum computing platforms. At 300 K, the circuit's operating frequency is centered around 6.5 GHz with 28% fractional bandwidth, and it has 2.2-dB insertion loss, 2.4-dB noise figure, and 18-dB isolation while consuming 2.5-mW core power. These results are achieved thanks to a fully passive architecture based on LC all-pass filters, which allows achieving a 1.6× increase in fractional bandwidth and the lowest power consumption with respect to the state of the art while using only 0.45 mm 2 of core area. This allows miniaturization of circulators in power-constrained multi-qubit readout systems.

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Section: B Broadband Gyrator Circulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: All-pass Filter Circulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cryo-cmos Circulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Wideband Low-Power Cryogenic CMOS Circulator for Quantum Applications

Ruffino

Peng

Foti

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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Active quasi circulator: Comprehensive review and performance comparison

Hasan,

Chowdhury,

Zaman

2024

Engineering Reports

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Designing circulator as an antenna interface device becomes a daunting task, particularly active‐quasi circulator. This article focuses on demonstrating the basic operation principle, design methods, technical parameters, and performance metrics of active quasi‐circulator. In addition, the study provides an analogy of the circuits and structures proposed by the researchers to enhance certain performance metrics. Active signal cancellation and passive signal cancellation are identified as the major design approaches. Tunable, wideband, and wideband‐tunable are the major types of circulators found in existing literature. Moreover, this article provides a performance comparison of the active‐quasi circulators available in existing literature. Several active quasi‐circulators were able to operate in high frequencies such as 60 GHz with acceptable isolation levels. On the other hand, several designs have over 30 dB isolation, which is a highly desired parameter. At last, the future design challenges associated with active‐quasi circulators have been discussed to provide insight into future research.

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Magnetless microstrip circulators based on differential spatiotemporal modulation of resonators

Chen

Zhou

2021

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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This article presents a magnetless differential microstrip circulator for high frequency operation. The differential design is obtained by pairing two single‐ended (SE) circulators, each based on three resonators connected in a wye topology with spatiotemporal modulation (STM). What is more, the STM biases of the two SE circulators are kept a fixed 180° phase difference. The resonance of the circuit is realized by varactor‐loaded microstrip line sections rather than conventional series of inductor and varactor. The design method of the proposed microstrip circulator has been presented by analyzing its equivalent circuit, which indicates the microstrip line sections cannot be simply equivalent to inductors with the conventional method. The analysis of the time‐varying circuit is verified by the simulated results of both the microstrip circulator and its equivalent circuit. A magnetless microstrip circulator was designed, fabricated and measured at center frequency of 1.99 GHz, showing maximum isolation (IX) of more than 50 dB, minimum insertion loss of 4.8 dB, and 1.4% 20 dB IX bandwidth.

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Non-Magnetic CMOS Switched-Transmission-Line Circulators With High Power Handling and Antenna Balancing: Theory and Implementation

Cited by 37 publications

References 42 publications

A Wideband Low-Power Cryogenic CMOS Circulator for Quantum Applications

A Wideband Low-Power Cryogenic CMOS Circulator for Quantum Applications

Active quasi circulator: Comprehensive review and performance comparison

Magnetless microstrip circulators based on differential spatiotemporal modulation of resonators

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