Non-linear hydrologic organization

Ecohydrological partitioning strongly influences the provision of water resources in terms of quantity, quality, location, and timing; thus, fundamentally affecting water-related ecosystem services (Brauman, 2015). In larger scale catchments (>100 km 2 ), ecohydrological functioning often exhibits strong spatio-temporal variability due to small-scale process heterogeneity and non-linearity, both of which result in often marked catchment-wide contrasts in landscape organization (Hunt et al., 2021;Skøien et al., 2003;Tetzlaff et al., 2011). Process-based models have been widely adopted for capturing such catchment functional heterogeneity, as well as its responses to environmental changes (Thirel et al., 2015). Efforts of the catchment modeling community have been progressively improving the physical realism of process conceptualization (Beven, 2002;Clark et al., 2017;Tetzlaff et al., 2008). As part of this trend, stable isotopes of water (i.e., 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴 2 H and 𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴 18 O ), as ideal tracers, have received more attention and been increasingly integrated into process-based modeling . As complementary to the use of more traditional hydrometric data (Fenicia et al., 2008), isotopic tracer information has provided more direct evidence of the velocity of water particle transport and allowed inference of catchment-scale water age distributions (

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confidence: 99%

Upscaling Tracer‐Aided Ecohydrological Modeling to Larger Catchments: Implications for Process Representation and Heterogeneity in Landscape Organization

Yang

Tetzlaff

Müller

et al. 2023

Water Resources Research

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“…The largest post-wildfire flood Q u scaling with basin size may be influenced by the spatial extent of precipitation drivers and wildfire disturbance. Convective storm sizes for individual storm cells are typically 10 to 100 km 2 (23)(24)(25)(26), and individual storms likely only partially intersect a burned basin (Fig. 3A).…”

Section: Influences Of Rainstorm Spatial Scale Intensity and Total De...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper limits for post-wildfire floods and distinction from debris flows

Ebel

2024

Sci. Adv.

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Upper magnitude limits and scaling with basin size for post-wildfire floods are unknown. An envelope curve was estimated defining post-wildfire flood upper limits as a function of basin area. We show the importance of separating peak flows by floods versus debris flows. Post-wildfire flood maxima are a constant 43 m 3 s −1 km −2 for basins from 0.01 to 23 to 34 km 2 and then declining with added basin area according to a power law relation. Intense rainfall spatial scaling may cause the envelope curve threshold at 23 to 34 km 2 . Post-wildfire flood maxima are smaller than unburned flood maxima for similar basin area. Rainstorm comparisons indicate that post-wildfire floods are triggered by smaller precipitation depths than unburned floods. Post-wildfire exceptional floods are driven by extreme rainfall rates, in contrast to post-wildfire debris flows. Runoff rates for post-wildfire envelope floods are consistent with infiltration-excess runoff. Future increases in precipitation intensity or wildfire frequency and extent could increase post-wildfire flood upper limits.

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“…The experimental data used were accessed previously and include sources for soil depths as well as plant heights and root radial extents (Hunt and Manzoni, 2016;Hunt et al, 2020;Hunt, 2017;Hunt et al, 2023;Egli et al, 2018;Yu et al, 2019;Yu and Hunt, 2017ab;Hunt et al, 2021cHunt et al, , 2022. We note that the first of these references alone contains ca.…”

Section: Experimental Data and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaia: Complex systems prediction for time to adapt to climate shocks

Hunt,

Sahimi,

Faybishenko

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Earth’s climate has undergone significant fluctuations in the geologic past. We focus on the glacial episodes that followed the major waves of invasion of land plants. Twice in Earth’s history the impacts of land plant innovations on the atmosphere through increased CO2 drawdown have precipitated sufficient cooling to produce ice ages. Each time, however, adaptation of soil ecosystems eventually helped re-establish apparent steady-state conditions, i.e., new equilibrium temperature and atmospheric CO2 content, ending each of the glacial episodes. In each case, the time interval between the initial innovation and the emergence from the glacial episode was approximately 60 Myr. The consistency of the time scale of the response invites an explanation in terms of a universal rate of dispersal of genetic information that encapsulates the biogeochemical cycle of cellulose production and decay. In this paper, we postulate that the long time for adaptation is a consequence of the time required for the spread of an entire clade though the soil to continental scale. Although 60 Myr appears to be a long time, it is very short compared to the time required for diffusion to transport even molecules like HCO3− or sugar through the soil over a continental distance of 5,000 km, which is between 1014 and 1016 years for solutes with such soil diffusion constants in the range 10−11 m2 s−1. Horizontal solute transport through heterogeneous media by advection might be considered as a dispersal mechanism, but is also known to require enormous time scales (ca. 150 Myr for 500 m). We also seek a relevant mechanism in the known scaling of plant and fungal growth rates as a function of time, which can facilitate as well the movement of bacteria, and predicted these rates theoretically on the basis of the universal optimal 2D paths tortuosity from percolation. Comparison with actual data pairs (7,000) for plant and fungal growth rates were used to verify these predictions over 13 orders of magnitude of time, from about one minute to 100 kyr; extrapolation over less than three additional orders of time yields a continental-scale transport time of 80 Myr. We now interpret this prediction in terms of Margulis’ understanding of emergent behavior of coupled (soil and plant) ecosystems responding to climate shocks induced by plant innovations.

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Non-linear hydrologic organization

Cited by 6 publications

References 93 publications

Upscaling Tracer‐Aided Ecohydrological Modeling to Larger Catchments: Implications for Process Representation and Heterogeneity in Landscape Organization

Upscaling Tracer‐Aided Ecohydrological Modeling to Larger Catchments: Implications for Process Representation and Heterogeneity in Landscape Organization

Upper limits for post-wildfire floods and distinction from debris flows

Gaia: Complex systems prediction for time to adapt to climate shocks

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