Non-ketogenic combination of nutritional strategies provides robust protection against seizures

Dallérac, Glenn; Moulard, Julien; Benoist, Jean‐François; Rouach, Stefan; Auvin, Stéphane; Guilbot, A.; Lenoir, Loïc; Rouach, Nathalie

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05542-3

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…17 Indeed, one study has shown seizure control in the absence of ketosis. 18 These observations challenge the view that ketones alone have a role in seizure control and raise the question of the roles of other components, in particular, the high fat content. Several studies have indicated that medium chain fats provided in the MCT ketogenic diet, can have a direct action on seizure activity and mitochondrial function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of action for the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in neurological and metabolic disorders

Augustin

Khabbush

Williams

et al. 2018

The Lancet Neurology

305

235

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High-fat, low-carbohydrate diets, known as ketogenic diets, have been used as a non-pharmacological treatment for refractory epilepsy. A key mechanism of this treatment is thought to be the generation of ketones, which provide brain cells (neurons and astrocytes) with an energy source that is more efficient than glucose, resulting in beneficial downstream metabolic changes, such as increasing adenosine levels, which might have effects on seizure control. However, some studies have challenged the central role of ketones because medium-chain fatty acids, which are part of a commonly used variation of the diet (the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet), have been shown to directly inhibit AMPA receptors (glutamate receptors), and to change cell energetics through mitochondrial biogenesis. Through these mechanisms, medium-chain fatty acids rather than ketones are likely to block seizure onset and raise seizure threshold. The mechanisms underlying the ketogenic diet might also have roles in other disorders, such as preventing neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, the proliferation and spread of cancer, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Analysing medium-chain fatty acids in future ketogenic diet studies will provide further insights into their importance in modified forms of the diet. Moreover, the results of these studies could facilitate the development of new pharmacological and dietary therapies for epilepsy and other disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of action for the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in neurological and metabolic disorders

Augustin

Khabbush

Williams

et al. 2018

The Lancet Neurology

305

235

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A 250 cm 3 conical flask containing a mixture of 50 cm 3 of 2 % boric acid and 4 drops of the mixed indicator was used to trap the ammonia liberated. Sometimes the determination of nitrogen content is a frequently conducted by several industrial methods [12].The morphological and molecular traits correlate with temporal lobe seizures were reduced in animals fed with the combined diet[13]. The conical flask and the Kjeldahl flask were then placed on the Kjeldahl distillation apparatus, with the tubes inserted into the conical flask and the Kjeldahl flask.…”

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confidence: 99%

Proximate Analysis of Some Selected Infant Formula Sold in Makurdi Metropolis

Onuorah

Sha’Ato

Obioma

et al. 2019

AFSJ

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Infant formula is a synthetic version of mother’s milk and belongs to a class of food materials known as dairy substitutes. This study was designed to evaluate the proximate composition of some selected infant formula sold in Makurdi metropolis. Six (6) different brands of infant formula samples were purchased from the major markets, Wadata market and North bank market Makurdi Benue State, North Central Nigeria. The six different brands comprise of three (3) infant milk formulae and three (3) infant cereal formulae. Samples on some Selected Infant Formulae were analysed in the laboratory for proximate composition and the data were subjected to Analysis of Variance to rank the significant differences in means. There were significantly different (P<0.05) across the selected infant formulae sample for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fate, crude fibre and carbohydrates. The result shows that FRISOGOLD significantly (P<0.05) has the highest moisture content (11.60%) with cowbell having the lowest (2.45%) while the ash content of cowbell was found to be the highest compared to other formulae. In conclusion, the commercial baby food samples (MYBOY, NAN and cowbell) have a low moisture content which suggests an asset as this prolongs the shelf life and also inhibits microbial activity on these products thereby preventing spoilage.

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“…Similarly, partial block of glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose tempers epileptiform activity in vitro [59] and seizures in vivo in some models [60]. Low glycemic index diets can be anticonvulsant in the absence of ketosis [61,62], and low glucose rather than elevated ketone bodies seems to underlie the anticonvulsant action of caloric restriction [63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Ketogenic Diet-Induced Shift in CSF Lipid/Carbohydrate Metabolome of Pediatric Epilepsy Patients With Optimal Vs. No Anticonvulsant Response

Masino¹,

Ruskin²,

Freedgood³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The low carbohydrate, high fat ketogenic diet can be an effective anticonvulsant treatment in some pediatric patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Its mechanism(s) of action, however, remain uncertain. Direct sampling of cerebrospinal fluid before and after metabolic therapy may reveal key changes associated with differential clinical outcomes. Methods: We performed metabolomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid samples taken before and during ketogenic diet treatment in patients with optimal response (100% seizure remission) and patients with no response (no seizure improvement) to search for differential diet effects in hallmark metabolic compounds in these two groups. Optimal responders and non-responders were similar in age range and included males and females. Seizure types and the etiologies or syndromes of epilepsy varied but did not appear to differ systematically between responders and non-responders. Results: Principal component analysis showed a strong effect of ketogenic diet treatment on the cerebrospinal fluid metabolome. Longitudinal and between-subjects analyses revealed that many lipids and carbohydrates were changed significantly by ketogenic diet, with changes typically being of larger magnitude in responders. Notably, responders had more robust changes in glucose and the ketone bodies b-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate than non-responders; conversely, non-responders had significant increases in fructose and sorbose, which did not occur in responders. Conclusions: The data suggest that a differential and stronger metabolic response to the ketogenic diet may predict a better anticonvulsant response, and such variability is likely due to inherent biological factors of individual patients. Strategies to boost the metabolic response may be beneficial.

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Non-ketogenic combination of nutritional strategies provides robust protection against seizures

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

Mechanisms of action for the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in neurological and metabolic disorders

Mechanisms of action for the medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in neurological and metabolic disorders

Proximate Analysis of Some Selected Infant Formula Sold in Makurdi Metropolis

Differential Ketogenic Diet-Induced Shift in CSF Lipid/Carbohydrate Metabolome of Pediatric Epilepsy Patients With Optimal Vs. No Anticonvulsant Response

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