Non-isothermal simulation of the resin transfer moulding press

Mal, Olivier; Couniot, A.; Dupret, François

doi:10.1016/s1359-835x(97)00065-1

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This result has an exact agreement with dimensionless analysis of RTM process, done byMal et al (1998). The measured temperature for different points of mold.…”

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confidence: 85%

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Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of Dispersion Coefficient for Resin Transfer Modeling

Shahnazari

Nejad

2011

Transp Porous Med

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Resin transfer molding (RTM) is a composite manufacturing process. A preformed fiber is placed in a closed mold and a viscous resin is injected into the mold. In this article, a model is developed to predict the flow pattern, extent of reaction, and temperature change during the filling and curing in a thin rectangular mold. A numerical simulation is presented to predict the free surface and its interactions with heat transfer and cure for flow of a shear-thinning resin through the preformed fiber.To simulate this process, using local thermal equilibrium assumption, it is essential to include the thermal dispersion term in energy equation. The best method to achieve this result is experimental simulation and preparing proportionate system at simple conditions without curing. By comparison of recorded temperature values (using installed instruments at various locations), and the corresponding results from numerical solution for different estimated values of dispersion coefficient, this coefficient has been evaluated based on the best matching estimate. The results show that, to simulate composite manufacturing process by RTM method, the effect of dispersion term in energy equation shall not be neglected.

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“…This result has an exact agreement with dimensionless analysis of RTM process, done byMal et al (1998). The measured temperature for different points of mold.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…To simplify the analysis, the RTM process could be divided into mixing, filling, and curing stages. A general overview of RTM modeling could be found in Mal et al (1998) and Castro and Macosko (1982). In this article, a model for non-isothermal simulation of RTM is investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of Dispersion Coefficient for Resin Transfer Modeling

Shahnazari

Nejad

2011

Transp Porous Med

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“…Of course, numerical solution is also unnecessary as one might use Equations (5) and (6). The modified shape function described above reflects the analytic solution of the governing equation and thus it provides exceptional accuracy.…”

Section: Extension Into Two-dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gate elements at injection locations in numerical simulations of flow through porous media: applications to mold filling

Šimáček

Advani

2004

Numerical Meth Engineering

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SUMMARYMold filling in polymer and composite processing is usually modelled as a special case of Darcy flow in porous media. The flow pattern and the time necessary to fill the mold depend on the 'gate' locations where resin is injected into the closed mold. In composite manufacturing, these are commonly outlets of small tubes transporting resin from a reservoir and their diameters are several orders of magnitude smaller than the mold dimensions. Similar size issue is also encountered in other applications of flow through porous media, such as oil and water pumping and drilling. Traditionally, these inlets are modelled by pressure or flow rate boundary condition as applied at a node of the finite element mesh that represents the injection gate. The omission of the inlet radius in the model results in a mathematical singularity as the mesh gets refined. The computed pressure or flow field depends on the mesh size and does not converge to the accurate solution, as the finite element mesh is refined.It is possible to deal with this phenomenon by modelling the inlet geometry more accurately but this approach is inefficient, as it requires additional degrees of freedom and, above all, significantly complicates the modelling process if the inlet location is not fixed a priori. This paper presents a more efficient alternate solution. It uses special 'gate' elements embedded in the mesh around the injection locations. Instead of adjusting the geometrical modelling of the injection location, the adjacent elements use modified shape functions to accurately model pressure field in the neighbourhood of small radial inlet. The proper pressure field shape-functions for 'gate' elements based on linear finite elements are derived. The implementation in an existing mold filling simulation and how the 'gate elements' are automatically selected is described. An example to demonstrate the use of 'gate' elements and convergence towards the accurate solution with mesh refinement is presented.

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“…This consists of using a two-dimensional flow ''extruded'' through the thickness to provide a fully three-dimensional solution of the energy equation to predict the temperature. This approach has evolved and improved with time [8][9][10]. However, the resulting numerical scheme is often in a less-than desirable form from computational standpoint.…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Of the Rtm Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approximate numerical method for prediction of temperature distribution in flow through narrow gaps containing porous media

Šimáček

Advani

2003

Computational Mechanics

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The paper examines an approximate solution to the problem of temperature distribution in the flow through a narrow gap filled with porous medium. This problem is relevant for composite material manufacturing processes, such as the resin transfer molding and its derivatives. In such processes, cold resin is sometimes injected into a closed heated cavity containing a network of stationary fibers. The cavity can be long and wide, but it is usually only a few millimeters thick. The approximate solution is based on an estimated through-the thickness temperature profile that allows one to reduce the complexity from fully threedimensional to two-dimensional and significantly improve the computational efficiency. The implementation of this solution within an existing simulation code for non-isothermal filling of closed mold is briefly described. Finally, several examples are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed method to predict the midplane temperature of the resin as it impregnates the preform to fill the mold cavity.

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Non-isothermal simulation of the resin transfer moulding press

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of Dispersion Coefficient for Resin Transfer Modeling

Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of Dispersion Coefficient for Resin Transfer Modeling

Gate elements at injection locations in numerical simulations of flow through porous media: applications to mold filling

Approximate numerical method for prediction of temperature distribution in flow through narrow gaps containing porous media

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