Non-isothermal laminar pipe flow — II. Experimental

An Analysis of High Temperature/Short Time Sterilization During Laminar Flow

“…where K, is the consistency index evaluated at rw. [Kwant et al (1973) show that such a relationship is accurate to within 15% (high for heating, low for cooling) for 5 > 0.…”

“…Isoviscous solutions for a number of rheologies are well known and generally accessible-e.g., Lyche and Bird (1956), pseudoplastic, tube;Broiirn (1960), Newtonian, tube and flat plate; Tien (1962) isoviscous solutions are also available but are usually published in a form less detailed than will be needed here-e.g., Christiansen and Craig (1962), pseudoplastic, tube (limited temperature profiles); Christiansen et al (1966), pseudoplastic, tube; Christiansen and Jensen (1969), pseudoplastic, tube; Kwant et al (1973), pseudoplastic, tube. Kinetics of denaturation.…”

Enhancing radial temperature uniformity and boundary layer development in viscous Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow by transverse oscillations: A CFD study

“…Kwant et al (1973) measured the laminar velocity profile of a temperature-dependent Newtonian fluid at a constant and uniform wall temperature. The CFD predictions of the fully developed steady-state velocity profile are compared with these authors' experimental measurements in Fig.…”

“…velocity, un (-) Normalised radial position, r/R (-) Experiment(Kwant et al, 1973) CFD Isoviscous (Eq. (3)) Comparison of CFD-predicted and experimental velocity profiles for a Newtonian fluid in steady-state flow: T in =37 1C; T w = 127 1C; u ¼ 0:09 m s À1 ; L = 1900 mm; n =1; and k ¼ k 0 exp½ÀQ ðTÀT 0 Þ=ðTwÀT in Þ where Q =1.49, k 0 ¼ 1:3 Pa s n ; T 0 ¼ 25 1C(Kwant et al, 1973).…”

CFD simulation of transverse vibration effects on radial temperature profile and thermal entrance length in laminar flow

“… Validation of CFD predictions of temperature and velocity profiles in steady–state flow. • Temperature profile for an isoviscous fluid in steady–state flow: μ = 1.0 Pa s; T in = 27°C; T w = 127°C; u = 0.01 m s −1 ; ○ Velocity profile for a fluid with temperature‐dependent viscosity in steady–state flow: T in = 37°C; T w = 127°C; u = 0.09 m s −1 ; L = 1900 mm; μ = μ ′ exp[− Q ( T − T ′ )/( T w − T in )] where Q = 1.49, and μ ′ = 1.3 Pa s at T ′ = 25°C (Kwant et al10). …”