Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Poly (Ether Ether Ketone) Composites

Yang, Xiaoliang; Wu, Yazhuo; Wei, Kai; Fang, Wenjun; Sun, Hongfu

doi:10.3390/ma11112094

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…As expected, the T p of the crystallization exotherm decreases with an increasing cooling rate for each specimen. Similar behavior has been reported in PEEK and other polymer systems [46,47,48,49,50]. In addition, at each cooling rate, the addition of CNTs induces a higher T p .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Melt-Processed Poly(Ether Ether Ketone)/Carbon Nanotubes/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties

Zhu

Zeng

et al. 2019

Materials

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The agglomeration problem of nanofillers, for instance, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) matrix, is still a challenging assignment due to the intrinsic inert nature of PEEK to organic solvents. In this work, organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) was introduced as a second filler for improving the dispersion of CNTs in the PEEK matrix and enhancing the mechanical properties, as well as reducing the cost of the materials. The nanocomposites were fabricated through melt-mixing PEEK with CNTs/MMT hybrids, which were prepared in advance by mixing CNTs with MMT in water. The introduction of MMT improved the dispersion stability of CNTs, as characterized by sedimentation and zeta potential. The CNTs/MMT hybrids were maintained in PEEK nanocomposites as demonstrated by the transmission electron microscope. The mechanical and thermomechanical measurements revealed that CNTs together with MMT had a strong reinforcement effect on the PEEK matrix, especially at high temperature, although it had a negative effect on the toughness. A maximum increase of 48.1% was achieved in storage modulus of PEEK nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% CNTs and 2 wt% MMT at 240 °C, compared to that of neat PEEK. The differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that CNTs accelerated the crystallization of the PEEK matrix while a further addition of MMT played an opposite role. The nucleation activity of the fillers was also evaluated by the Dobreva method.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Melt-Processed Poly(Ether Ether Ketone)/Carbon Nanotubes/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties

Zhu

Zeng

et al. 2019

Materials

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“…It can only be used to explain the primary crystallization phase when transformed into non-isothermal conditions. As both nucleation and crystallization process are affected by continues change in temperature, the effectiveness of the crystallization rate should be taken into account [19,26]. Jeziorny stated that the Avrami model could be utilized for non-isothermal crystallization process, which is based on the assumption that the cooling rate remains constant for a given sample [25].…”

Section: Non-isothermal Crystallization Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Green Microalgae Filled Poly(Lactic Acid)

et al. 2019

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In this study, the effect of green microalgae as a nucleating agent on the non-isothermal crystallization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter and polarized optical microscope. The parameters of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PLA and PLA/green microalgae composites were obtained through common kinetic models such as Avrami, Ozawa, and combined Avrami and Ozawa. Moreover, nucleating activity of green microalgae and activation energies of composites were determined by the Dobreva-Gutzow and the Friedman methods, respectively. Dispersion of green microalgae in PLA was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. PLA/green microalgae composites having different green microalgae content from 5 to 20 wt% were prepared via solvent casting method. Although some agglomerated green microalgae was observed in the PLA matrix, it was found that the green microalgae were homogeneously distributed within the matrix at its lower loading levels. The Avrami and combined Avrami-Ozawa results showed that PLA/green microalgae composites have faster melt crystallization rates than that of pure PLA. Nucleating activity of green microalgae was proved by the Dobreva and Gutzow kinetic approach. Moreover, polarized optical microscope analysis revealed that crystallization onset temperature of PLA shifted to higher temperature upon cooling in the presence of green microalgae.

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“…Sun at el. found that the crystallite size distribution evolved more uniform and the size of crystallites enlarged with the decreasing cooling rate, and the absolute value of the crystallization activation energy for fiber reinforced PEEK is lower than that of pure PEEK . Similar results also suggested that lower crystallization process promoted the formation of perfect crystal structures and prevented the deterioration of mechanical properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Interfacial crystallization behavior of poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) on polyimide‐modified CCF300 carbon fibers

Zhao

Wang

2020

Polymer Composites

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Thermostable polyimide (PI) was synthesized and used as a sizing agent to modify carbon fiber (CF) surfaces. In order to investigate the influence of the PI sizing agent on interfacial properties of continuous CF reinforced poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) (CF/PEEK) composites, a comparative investigation on the interfacial crystallization behavior of PEEK on CF surface with and without PI modification was performed by in situ polarized optical microscope (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The POM images showed that the unsized CFs acted as heterogeneous nucleating agents to accelerate the formation of transcrystals, whereas CFs with PI sizing agents reduced nucleation site density, inducing nonuniform crystal layers. Quantitative investigation on the kinetics of interfacial crystallization growth also revealed that the PI sizing agent was an obvious obstacle to nucleation and subsequent crystallization growth. Based on the Jeziorny‐modified Avrami model, nonisothermal crystallization kinetics was studied over a large range of cooling rates, whose results were found consistent with the results in POM observation. Moreover, a theoretical model was proposed to reveal the mechanisms for the considerable influence of the PI sizing agent on the interfacial crystallization behavior of PEEK in CF/PEEK composites, and the predication for other systems was also performed.

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Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Poly (Ether Ether Ketone) Composites

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Melt-Processed Poly(Ether Ether Ketone)/Carbon Nanotubes/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties

Melt-Processed Poly(Ether Ether Ketone)/Carbon Nanotubes/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites with Enhanced Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties

Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Green Microalgae Filled Poly(Lactic Acid)

Interfacial crystallization behavior of poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) on polyimide‐modified CCF300 carbon fibers

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